Fisheries committee  That's based on reports from the general scientific community. There actually have been two plant species reported in the last year; we're not sure if they're established or not. But that number for 2006 is for ballast-mediated species. The last species that was thought to have b

Fisheries committee  Actually, it's a global limitation. It has to do with the fact that the discharge standards are of such a low density that you're essentially looking for one organism in swimming pool volumes of water. In order to test that standard, you have to be able to filter those very large

Fisheries committee  Yes.

Fisheries committee  I was going to say, as an example, that I can give you the level of effort that's been given towards ballast water over the last five years or so, during which time we've seen progress. Between Transport Canada and Fisheries and Oceans, we've spent about a million dollars annuall

Fisheries committee  Thank you for the question. Canada has had regulations in place for a number of years now, and because of the time lags in being able to detect invasive species, we're only actually able to start seeing differences now. Although the discovery of the last ballast-mediated species

Fisheries committee  There's a timeline according to when a ship is built and how big it is, but starting in about 2016, a large number of ships will be installing these treatment systems. We think that will even further protect the Great Lakes beyond the reduction we've seen already. The U.S. feder

Fisheries committee  Certainly. Thank you. With regard to new methods for the treatment and management of ballast water, there are a variety of technological systems, globally, being developed. Pretty much all the systems combine at least two technologies. One would be a mechanical separation—somet

Fisheries committee  We work internationally. We have a very close working relationship with the United States because of the Great Lakes and the need for compatible regulations. We are also able to work together on research in the Great Lakes. The international working groups are generally working

Fisheries committee  Thank you. My name is Sarah Bailey and I am a DFO research scientist. I am by training an invasion biologist, and I have been studying ship-mediated invasions in the Great Lakes for 12 years. With me is Nick Mandrak, a research scientist at DFO. He is also the executive direct