Evidence of meeting #10 for Subcommittee on International Human Rights in the 43rd Parliament, 2nd Session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was ethiopia.

A video is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

MPs speaking

Also speaking

Hannah Garry  Director, USC Gould School of Law International Human Rights Clinic
Christopher Fomunyoh  Senior Associate and Regional Director for Central and West Africa Programs, National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
Efi Tembon  Executive Director, Chair Cameroon Working Group, Oasis Network for Community Transformation
Clerk of the Committee  Ms. Erica Pereira
Tesfay Teklay  Association of Tigrayan Communities in Canada
Fitsum Achamyeleh Alemu  Balderas North America
Christina Hailu Gebrekirstoes  Balderas North America
Tesfaye Hussein  Program Director, CARE Sudan

February 16th, 2021 / 7:55 p.m.

Christina Hailu Gebrekirstoes Balderas North America

Thank you very much.

Honourable representatives of the Canadian Parliament, I wish to thank you for your current interest in Ethiopia and thank you for the enormous support you have given Ethiopia over the years. I will begin with the story of the arrest of our party leader, Mr. Eskinder Nega, in July of last year.

Eskinder started his day early as usual. He was concerned with news of the Hachalu Hundessa assassination the night before. By the end of the day, he decided to write a press release condemning ethnic violence in Ethiopia and the killing of the singer.

The next day, after handing the letter over to be printed, he went to his office. In what seemed to be less than half an hour armed soldiers had arrived to arrest Eskinder without any warrant or explanation. The armed soldiers forced him out of the office and threw him in a vehicle waiting outside. Neighbours and passersby watched as he was beaten and hauled away.

Another party leader, Sentayehu Chekol, was arrested on his way home later that day. The government news outlets later announced that Eskinder and his colleagues had been arrested for inciting violence in Addis Ababa. Eskinder is a recipient of numerous international honours and awards.

This is the whole story. It is clear to me that the government arrested Eskinder for the following few reasons: to silence the voice of the abused and oppressed; to silence the voice of our national heritage and undermine our values; to stop Eskinder from openly participating in the upcoming election and to weaken his party; to create an atmosphere of fear to discourage participation in the election, and to discourage political activism and leadership; and to stop him from being a voice for Addis Ababans.

Having said this, I ask the Canadian Parliament to reject any politically motivated charges against Eskinder Nega and his colleagues.

As per my information from Addis Ababa, while his subordinates visited him in person, he asked them to tell his story and urge the international community to condemn ongoing threats of genocide and displacement in Ethiopia. He further asked that we all work to condemn any politically motivated arrests of either him or his colleagues.

Dear honourable Canadian Parliament representatives, besides Eskinder’s arrest, the Balderas for True Democracy party is under political repression in Ethiopia. Just to cite a recent politically motivated incident, our party has asked to hold a peaceful public demonstration to condemn ethnic violence and genocide in Ethiopia, to condemn border conflicts between Ethiopia and Sudan, to condemn inequalities of ethnic groups in Addis Ababa, and to condemn the politically motivated arrest of Eskinder and his colleagues. However, the city government of Addis Ababa prohibited the demonstration. Two days later there was a huge demonstration across Oromo region to show support for Abiy Ahmed. Balderas has no right to hold any demonstration but the ruling party has every right to do all, and it's not the first time it has done this. It has happened so many times.

Dear honourable Canadian Parliament representatives, why are these political leaders detained? Why shouldn't they be released? What is the importance of political instability in Ethiopia to the international community? Balderas political leaders are unjustly imprisoned for defending and promoting fundamental freedoms and equality for all.

The government wants to keep them in prison for an extended period to hold elections without them. As evidence of proof, during the court process of the past seven months, the government has repeatedly and—

8 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Thank you, Ms. Gebrekirstoes. Thank you very much.

You will have an opportunity also to expand during question time.

Members, another question has been called, an e-vote. I think we can walk and chew gum at the same time. Maybe we are able to do that. I voted already. Can members also do that?

We'll ask Mr. Hussein now to come in for five minutes please, sir.

8 p.m.

Tesfaye Hussein Program Director, CARE Sudan

Good evening, honourable House of Commons.

It is a pleasure to talk with you about the Ethiopian crisis in Tigray region. I'm from Sudan, where I am working as a program director with CARE.

8 p.m.

Bloc

Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe Bloc Lac-Saint-Jean, QC

Mr. Chair, I have a point of order. I really am sorry for interrupting, but there seems to be a problem with the interpretation.

If it can't be fixed, I don't mind listening to the witness in English given what a sensitive subject this is. I do understand English, but I would like you to try fixing the issue one last time.

8 p.m.

Program Director, CARE Sudan

Tesfaye Hussein

I will be focusing on the humanitarian needs—

8 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Just so I understand, Monsieur Brunelle-Duceppe, are you not getting the interpretation?

8 p.m.

Bloc

Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe Bloc Lac-Saint-Jean, QC

That's right. I'd like you to try to fix the interpretation issue one last time, and if it can't be fixed, I'll do my best to understand Mr. Hussein's statement in English. As I said, this is sensitive subject matter, so I'd really like to let him give his presentation even if we don't have interpretation.

8:05 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Under the Official Languages Act, it will not be possible to do that, so unfortunately, we will not be able to hear from—

8:05 p.m.

Bloc

Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe Bloc Lac-Saint-Jean, QC

I understand, Mr. Chair. Nevertheless, if we don't get the interpretation problem fixed, Mr. Hussein has gone to the trouble to be here and it's important for everyone to hear what he has to say. His insight into the issue is important.

If we can't get Mr. Hussein's comments interpreted, I would seek the unanimous consent of the committee to hear from him anyways. We can discuss the problem after to make sure it doesn't happen again, but for this evening, I'm amenable to going ahead.

8:05 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Madam Clerk, you know the Official Languages Act better than most, so could you explain?

8:05 p.m.

The Clerk

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I will leave it in the subcommittee's hands. It's not recommended that we go forward without interpretation at this point, because of the need for equal accessibility for all Canadians right now.

8:05 p.m.

Conservative

Scott Reid Conservative Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston, ON

As an alternative, Mr. Chair, while we're working on solving the problem, if it takes us a couple of minutes, we could just add them to the end of the meeting as a way of extending it. That could also be done with the unanimous consent of the committee. It would allow us to operate in both languages, as is appropriate.

8:05 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

We may have some extra time to work this out.

We have Mr. Alemu back. Maybe he can finish his statement, and then we'll see how we can fix Mr. Hussein's communications.

Mr. Alemu, could you continue? Thank you.

8:05 p.m.

Balderas North America

Fitsum Achamyeleh Alemu

I'm so sorry about the technical difficulties.

I'm here to tell you about what's going on in Ethiopia, not only in one province but the whole region of Ethiopia.

We have witnessed a flagrant violation of human rights, genocidal acts and conflict.

As you may know, Ethiopia has been governed by the EPRDF for almost 30 years. Three years ago Abiy Ahmed was elected to be the Prime Minister and the chairman of the EPRDF. The EPRDF has changed its name to the Prosperity Party, but at the time of the transition the TPLF, which was the dominant party governing the country, did not join the PP. Abiy Ahmed was elected to be a reformer. He had freed a lot of political prisoners, allowed some free media and named a new chief justice, a new chairman of the election board, and also a new director for human rights.

However, Abiy Ahmed failed to change the constitution, which is the root cause of the human rights situation in Ethiopia, and a cause for genocidal acts in Ethiopia. He filled courts and executive offices with friends and sympathizers. Also, his regime continued the repression of the previous EPRDF regime, meaning there are still political prisoners of political party leaders in Ethiopia, including Eskinder Nega. There is still a genocide going on in Ethiopia, however, a less reported genocide. The media talks about the conflict in Tigray and the killing of innocent civilians in Tigray. There is also another genocide, the Amhara genocide, which is going on in the Benishangul-Gumuz region and in the Oromia region.

All the regions are governed except for the Tigray region by the EPRDF party, the PP, but the government ignored these atrocities. They don't even want this to be reported. One of the persons who exposed genocidal acts was Eskinder Nega, a leader of the Balderas party. He's been languishing in prison for the last nine months. The preliminary hearing has been delayed many times but he was denied bail. Eskinder has been in jail, and this is his 10th arrest now. He was a good friend of Ethiopia as a country and he was generous in helping Ethiopia from the get-go. It's a country that cares deeply about human rights and that's why your committee has a hearing today.

We ask you to send a mission to Ethiopia. We also ask you to consider sending some aid to Ethiopia and demand that all political prisoners, including Eskinder Nega and others, be released. We also ask you to put pressure on the Ethiopian government to allow humanitarian access to the Tigray region. We ask you to allow human rights investigators and free media all over the country, not only Tigray, to investigate the genocidal acts being committed.

In the past year and a half only about 26 Amharas and Agews have been killed in two regions, in the Benishangul region and in the Oromia region.

Given this, we ask that you pressure the Ethiopian government to facilitate humanitarian and human rights access and also demand and provide due process for political prisoners who are arrested, and also safeguard their health and apply the best COVID-19 protocols. We also ask you not to support the authoritarian regime, and that the money that you give should not be committed to some of the activities that the government uses it for.

In conclusion, I very much appreciate this opportunity and I'm here to answer some of your questions.

Thank you.

8:10 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Thank you.

Members, just to let you know about Mr. Hussein, we are looking to see whether there is precedent, because of the Officials Languages Act, to allow what we as a committee may want to decide.

We are looking to see whether there is precedent. At this time, therefore, we are going to have to hold off on Mr. Hussein, unless the clerk has more information for me.

8:10 p.m.

The Clerk

I don't have anything concrete right now, Mr. Chair, but if Mr. Hussein wants to move as close as possible to his microphone and try again, the interpreters will have another go.

8:10 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Mr. Hussein, can you try that, please?

Thank you.

8:10 p.m.

Program Director, CARE Sudan

Tesfaye Hussein

I want to thank the House of Commons for this opportunity.

My name is Tesfaye Hussein. I am joining from Sudan, where I work as a program director with CARE International, which has funding from the Government of Canada. We're able to help people in need.

I will be focusing on the humanitarian need of the people who fled to Sudan and their prospects of returning to where they come from.

Currently there are more than 60,000 refugees in east Sudan who fled the conflict in Tigray and who are in direct humanitarian need. As you may know, currently Sudan is going through a very rough economic crisis. More than 25% of its population are in need of humanitarian assistance. Therefore, the government and the environment cannot support an additional crisis.

However, we have more than 60,000 Ethiopian refugees in the country. There is urgent need for humanitarian assistance. Most of the refugees saw many atrocities when they fled for their lives from the war, and they have told me so many horrific stories.

Initially, when they came, they wanted to stay close to the border because they thought the conflict was going to be over in a very short period of time, and they wanted to go back and resume their lives. However, as time goes by, their prospects of going back have diminished significantly. Most of them are thinking they will stay much longer, because the situation on the ground is not getting better, for multiple reasons.

There are reports of the presence of Eritrean troops on the ground—which I haven't confirmed—and there are also tribal or ethnic issues. For example, for the refugees who came from the western part of Tigray, that part of the country is now claimed to be part of the Amhara region. Therefore, they are not sure that they can go back. If Amhara is saying “this is our land”, will they be welcome?

However, the crisis in Tigray and the killings in other parts of the country have been in the making for a very long time, for people who paid attention to Ethiopia. We have a very polarized environment. Everyone seems to have his or her own knowledge of the story. There is no common narrative to help us resolve our problems.

For example, some people think the crisis in Tigray is just for Tigrayans, not for Ethiopians. There is an “us versus them” mentality almost everywhere. In the Oromia region, people are killed because they are from a different tribe. Just two days ago we had an opposition political leader killed in one of the towns in the Oromia region because he holds a different opinion.

We have so many layers of problems that have led us to this crisis, and I'm not sure there is an easy way out.

Therefore, I request the Government of Canada to work with the Ethiopian government and the people in power and to pressure them to resolve the problem as soon as possible.

Thank you.

8:15 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Thank you very much, Mr. Hussein.

It looks as though it worked out, with the interpreters being able to do their job and hear you.

Members, we are going to add some time, as we all agreed. I want to see whether you are all right with this.

We will go with five minutes for each member in the first round and then three minutes in the second round. Are there any objections to this? Would this be okay with the members?

8:15 p.m.

Some hon. members

Agreed.

8:15 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Peter Fonseca

Great.

We are going to start the first round with Ms. Jennifer O'Connell from the Liberals for five minutes.

Jennifer.

8:15 p.m.

Liberal

Jennifer O'Connell Liberal Pickering—Uxbridge, ON

Thank you.

Thank you all for being here today and sharing with us. It's incredibly important, because in much mainstream media—certainly western media—we're not hearing about much of the situation in Ethiopia or, as in our previous panel as well, in Cameroon. To hear what is happening on the ground is incredibly important for us as legislators.

I want to start on a point that was made about the involvement of the UAE and Somalia. We often hear that the tensions arise from inter-ethnic tensions and political opponents and there being multiple ethnic groups. What I'm trying to get to is that it seems that, perhaps in the last couple of years, these have heightened, maybe as a result of COVID and that distraction.

What has been the flashpoint to heighten tensions? Also, concerning the UAE and Somalia involvement, what's in it for them? Who are they backing? What is their role in the region?

I'll leave that question. If one or two of you want to jump in, I have a follow-up question afterwards.

8:20 p.m.

Association of Tigrayan Communities in Canada

Tesfay Teklay

Shall I go ahead, because I brought it up?

8:20 p.m.

Liberal

Jennifer O'Connell Liberal Pickering—Uxbridge, ON

Sure, thanks.

8:20 p.m.

Association of Tigrayan Communities in Canada

Tesfay Teklay

The main architects of the conflict are the Ethiopian government, led by Ahmed, and Eritrean government, who for some reason have their own agendas to attack the Tigray regional leaders. Abiy Ahmed has an ambition to be a one-man dictatorship, and Eritrea has some kind of grudge against the Tigrayan leadership, so both of them have what they call a common enemy whom they attack. In the meantime, the UAE is a good friend of Eritrea.

There is this regional alliance. There is the broader regional interest in which UAE is involved. Some even say America's previous Trump administration had an interest in this situation. The issue is very complicated to elaborate on here, but we should zoom in on the two architects of this war, Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea and Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia.

Both of them have their own interests in their respective countries. Abiy Ahmed wants to be a one-man dictatorship—no democracy, no elections, the same as his role model, the Eritrean dictator, who has been in power for the last 30 years with no elections, with nothing. Both of them are aligned against the Tigray leadership, who apparently held elections in September, while Abiy Ahmed refused to do federal elections.

In March 2020, when Abiy Ahmed postponed elections indefinitely, with COVID being used as an excuse.... Actually, Ethiopia had only very few cases of COVID back then, with no deaths at all—I think fewer than 10 cases—but the regime indefinitely postponed elections.

TPLF, the party that is the regional leader of Tigray, said, “No, we won't postpone elections. At least we'll do our own provincial election. The federal election is beyond our capacity, but the provincial elections we'll do.” Then Abiy Ahmed threatened, in March, 2020, “If you go ahead with the election, I will bombard you.” This is a statement he made on public TV: Our army is ready to attack you.