Yes. We cannot take those for granted. In the context of an FTA negotiation, the traditional FTA model is that you start by at least getting rid of most tariffs and having as few exclusions as possible. We kind of take that for granted. In the new generation or the next generation of trade agreements, certainly what we're trying to do with Europe, for example, is that we're looking to move beyond just tariff elimination.
Especially in the case of Japan, the tariff barriers are sometimes a problem. But even if you get beyond them, I think what our members are telling us is that you can deal with the tariff barriers, but the non-tariff barriers are much harder to deal with.
So yes, the tariffs remain an issue, but I think if we are serious about getting Canadian companies to do more business in Japan, we have to look at the non-tariff barriers especially. That's the number one issue on our list, as far as I'm concerned.
The escalating tariff issue that Richard mentioned earlier is also an issue, because it actually discourages value-added manufacturing activity in Canada. It says that if you export raw materials, you pay a lesser tariff than if you actually transform the goods in Canada to export them to Japan. So that's another issue related to tariffs.
Our expectation.... In the context of a negotiation and these issues, having a broad chapter on tariffs is certainly something that we kind of take for granted, but the issue for us is that I think Japan would get much better access into Canada if we just got rid of the tariffs. If we just get rid of the tariffs, it won't make that huge a difference in terms of our market access into Japan.