Let's say first that there are many ways to do segregation or isolation. People need to understand that. In federal institutions, we can use a lot of words to define it, but it's all the same.
Let's take an example. When people are at risk of self-injury, what are the institutions going to do? What they do is put them in a cell with oversight, but those cells are in the segregation unit, which means they have no contact with human beings. It is as if they are in segregation, in fact, and that creates a lot of problems.
There is also what they call “administrative segregation”. That's when they believe the inmates are a risk to themselves or of putting the institution at risk. That's another way. What are they going to do? They are going to call it administrative segregation, but there is no oversight, or almost no oversight. They will put them in the segregation unit and they will not have any contact with human beings, or almost none.
There is also the disciplinary sanction. After they receive a sanction for, say, bad behaviour, an administrative person could decide that they will put them in segregation. That's going to be punitive segregation.
It still happens.