Transport committee  I don't believe we have anything directly with the municipalities. We require the airports to consult, and they would normally involve all the stakeholders, which includes the municipalities. That might branch into what sort of mitigation measures you use. Whether it's an airport

Transport committee  That is part of that consultation. As I mentioned in the opening remarks the other day, each area is unique, depending on the airport, the locale, whether there is industry or there are residents, and that's why we believe it's best resolved by consultation at a local level. If w

Transport committee  We have very specific regulations. They adopt almost directly the ICAO standards. The requirements with respect to noise and emissions depend on the category of aircraft. All aircraft, when they're certified to operate in Canada, when they're introduced into service, need to have

Transport committee  Yes. And again, there are always competing requirements. As you get into more remote areas, the lifeline becomes more important than the noise. So each particular situation is very specific, which is why we feel that those things have to be resolved at a local level.

Transport committee  It would depend on the consultation, and particularly on which airport we're talking about, as to what would be appropriate for the area. Some more remote airports do not necessarily have time limits; airports in built-up areas typically do, because of the high density of housing

Transport committee  We prepared the responses to all of the questions. They are in the approval process, and we expect they will be submitted to the committee fairly soon. We do not have them with us tonight.

Transport committee  I have two comments to make there. There are a lot of studies. There are certainly studies that show there are health impacts; there are other studies that show there are not. From our perspective, the evidence is not conclusive. There are many studies, some that are convincing,

Transport committee  I haven't quite got the question.

Transport committee  The same process does not exist beyond the airports. The process we've been talking about extends 10 miles from an airport and it's part of the operation of the airport. Nav Canada is certainly part of the consultation process at the airport. Beyond the airports, in terms of the

Transport committee  We still have the noise requirements for the aircraft. They apply to the aircraft all the time, making sure the aircraft are within certain noise levels. That's the general protection. The biggest issues, clearly, are at the airports when the aircraft are taking off and landing.

Transport committee  In 2010 there were 12 violations of noise abatement procedures. We imposed fines in the range of $3,500 to $5,000 in those particular cases. Over the past 10 years, there have been 233 violations. We imposed monetary penalties in approximately 95% of those cases against individu

Transport committee  I believe, historically, the focus on noise has been where the biggest issues have been, which is typically the landing and take-off phases, which, clearly, is why the airports have the primary responsibility. Beyond that, generally speaking, there are not noise requirements tha

Transport committee  All right. Thank you.

Transport committee  I can say that all aircraft comply with the rules. It depends on the moment during the flight. Large aircraft have more efficient engines, particularly with regard to noise. These are high by-pass ratio engines. They are less noisy, but that depends on power levels. It changes in

Transport committee  Noise levels are more comparable, but not necessarily higher.