Transport committee  Sure. Basically what I'm saying is that since we are customizing so much for each customer, we could easily, for instance, have a different engine for a customer in Canada and a different engine for a customer in the U.S. That would not be such a big change for us. The fleets a

Transport committee  It's significantly more. I think it's 10 times that, at least. I think just Germany has a market of 6,000 buses.

Transport committee  Actually, it's the cost of the infrastructure. But you're right. If you compare that, for instance, to rail, putting those wires in would not be that prohibitive. It could be one solution, for instance, to have electric vehicles on a dedicated lane. We're seeing more and more t

Transport committee  Yes, and again, it's not moving away from having common standards with the United States, it's maybe also allowing the use of European standards in some technology. We don't necessarily need to adopt every single standard that Europe has. In certain technologies, such as engine e

Transport committee  Personally, I don't see that. If we allow both in Canada, we will facilitate new technologies on Canadian ground. Will we be able to use those technologies in the U.S.? Maybe not, but at least on the Canadian ground we'll be able to do that. That might put some pressure on some o

Transport committee  If I may, the BRT solution is the reason that we're bringing this up with the current products. If we use our current products in a BRT solution, that's already quite an improvement because we're going to reduce emissions. We're going to transfer people faster. Because I know the

Transport committee  Actually, René mentioned it earlier. What we're seeing is that the internal combustion engine is going to be smaller and smaller as we go forward, and that's probably the path we're going to see. We have hybrids already today. We'll have hybrids with smaller engines. We'll have p

Transport committee  If I may, one thing we're seeing with the current technologies.... For instance, take diesel engines, for the moment we have new regulations that come up every three years and we deal with North America on the bus side because of the limited volume of buses. One thing that you ha

Transport committee  It's the same for us. Even though we are part of the Volvo Group, as Chris mentioned earlier, the products are different enough that the European products don't fit the North American operation profile. Let me make it a little clearer from our perspective. We're looking especia

Transport committee  That's right. Actually, one thing that you have to consider is not to limit innovation, but there are some things that will have to be standardized at some point. René was using the example earlier that if you had a different nozzle to fuel your car today, it would make it very d

Transport committee  In fact, it is not quite related to electrification. It is more current technologies, so those that concern diesel motors. If we didn't have to develop different solutions and obtain different certifications for each country, we could invest more money in research and development

Transport committee  We have to realize that we will continue to use diesel for a while. Indeed, it will be more difficult to convert some applications to electricity. For example, for long distances between cities where a lot of power is needed, we will keep vehicles with diesel motors. However, we

Transport committee  What we see is that the electric buses are going to be probably the propulsion of choice in the future. It's not something that is readily available right now. Right now, as we mentioned earlier, the challenge is with the batteries. The autonomy for the vehicles is not as high as

Transport committee  On our side, we're not selling any CNG buses in Canada. The volume is really very low on the Canadian side. We are seeing some transit systems interested in getting CNG buses, but I think really the drive there is that it's considered a local fuel rather than an imported fuel,

Transport committee  We'll do the presentation in French, if you don't mind. I will start by telling you who we are, and then I will let Mr. Allen take over to talk about emerging technologies. As you mentioned, Nova Bus is part of the Volvo Group, which is all over the world and has 118,000 employ