Human Resources committee  Old age security and guaranteed income supplement are significant contributors to that.

Human Resources committee  Those would be, I would say, the biggest influences. CPP also helps, but I think for low-income seniors the GIS, guaranteed income supplement, which has been increased periodically over the years, has had a significant impact on poverty levels, low-income levels.

Human Resources committee  We ask ourselves the same question all the time. I think one of the biggest challenges in income security programs is trying to determine how best to help populations, whether you target or whether you go with universal programs. Right now we have a combination of a quasi-univers

Human Resources committee  I'm sorry, could you repeat your question?

Human Resources committee  Not that I'm aware of.

Human Resources committee  I could start, and others could add. From the point of view of old age security, guaranteed income supplement, we know that the majority of those living in poverty on these benefits are women. We also know that the majority of those women are unattached women, so nearly two-third

Human Resources committee  I'm not able to, but if there's a specific question, I could take that back and we could provide a written response.

Human Resources committee  In terms of the seniors' story, if you measure with LICO, there's a demonstrable positive impact. In 1976, 29% of seniors lived below the LICO. In 2014, it was 3.9%, so that's a very dramatic improvement in the income levels of Canadian seniors over time.

Human Resources committee  That's also a good question, merci. I'll call on my colleague, James Van Raalte, who is the director general of the office for disability issues and is responsible for the delivery of the program.

Human Resources committee  Thank you for your question. I'm going to answer in English. You're absolutely right that we have programs for Canadians and we want to make sure that all eligible Canadians receive their benefits. For this reason, we've recently modified the method of processing guaranteed inc

Human Resources committee  I think there are lots of opportunities for innovation, and I actually have colleagues who spend their days working on social innovation, social finance, which are initiatives that the government is undertaking to find creative ways to address really complex problems. One of the

Human Resources committee  I'm not aware of work on that right now.

Human Resources committee  It's the chief actuary of Canada that does estimates for those expenditures. Restoring the age of eligibility to 65 would increase OAS program costs by $11.6 billion in 2030, which is the first year it would be fully implemented. That takes into account the increase in July for

Human Resources committee  That's correct. That's the estimate from the office of the chief actuary.

Human Resources committee  The estimates are that it would reduce it by $1.6 billion.