Procedure and House Affairs committee  Yes. I would go back to heuristics. It doesn't matter how educated, sophisticated, or experienced we are; every one of us uses mental shortcuts to make political decisions. Some research from the United States from a few years ago suggests that when it comes to, say, motivated

Procedure and House Affairs committee  I try to be an optimist. It is 5:16 in the morning here in Seoul, so it's particularly difficult. The problem at a global level is epistemic. There's just a ton of information, and it's moving very quickly. We have evolved for a very different sort of environment from an environ

Procedure and House Affairs committee  Yes, you're right. Propaganda and misleading information have been around as long as politics has been around. The difference is the speed, the reach, the volume, and the ease at which it can deployed. That's unprecedented. When we talk about these hacks, the thing that's being

Procedure and House Affairs committee  Yes. Part of the issue is that the speed, reach, and volume of advertising material and all kinds of other materials are such that you can start to microtarget. You can start to A/B test at a mass level. You basically have all the tools you need to manipulate people, really qui

Procedure and House Affairs committee  They do, very much so. I'm actually quite concerned about that. Part of the issue is that if voter turnout is low and you have this digital media capacity, then all of a sudden microtargeting becomes even more powerful. You mentioned voter suppression. If our elections become a

Procedure and House Affairs committee  Thank you.

Procedure and House Affairs committee  Yes, I can. Well, good morning from Seoul, South Korea, and thank you for the invitation to appear before the committee. I just left Vancouver the other day, so I was closer to a much nicer time zone, but I am so pleased to be here. I know there is a lot to cover, so I'll get