Environment committee  I think it's more the content that matters rather than where they're placed. As a matter of fact, when the agreements were brought into the trade agreements, the scope of the obligations was narrowed. When they were inside agreements, there was an obligation to seek to have high

Environment committee  I would come back quickly to the topic I was discussing earlier, which is that when we're looking at solutions for climate change we also have to look at the international rules that govern what we do. If we're talking about international leadership, there are other areas we can

Environment committee  I would just add one thing. If you look at the Paris Agreement, article 6 deals with ITMOs. That's one article. There is an expectation, I think, that every country will put in its suite of activities and its nationally determined contribution, and that those will be varied and

Environment committee  Coming back to the point that I'm a lawyer and not an economist, I'm not sure that I can give you examples of the most effective ones. I can give you some guidelines on some of the things that you shouldn't do when you're designing a subsidy. One of those is not to add local co

Environment committee  I would indicate that my expertise is not in that. I've been reading the media and looking at the charts as well. It doesn't look like we're on track, but our commitment under the Paris Agreement is for 2030. A lot can happen in 12 years. I would not be ready to say that we're no

Environment committee  I think it depends on when the impacts of some of those regulations kick in. I'm not sure we can totally predict that at this time.

Environment committee  I can give you some elements of an answer. I guess there are different kinds of partnerships on fossil fuels and fossil fuel subsidies. One of the issues with fossil fuel subsidies is that they seem to provide an incentive that is contrary to the incentives we're looking for to m

Environment committee  It's hard to say in today's environment, where a lot of trade discussions have stalled given the current political positioning of the U.S. I have heard from folks who are closer to the negotiations than us that when the administration changed in the U.S., there was less of an int

Environment committee  The other issue is the carbon footprint, how much carbon is used in production, and that's not recognized as differentiating between products. Canada could work to have an interpretation that would recognize that kind of process in the WTO. Finally, one area that should be consi

Environment committee  I'd be happy to do that. Thank you. Thank you for the opportunity to be here and to highlight some of the work we're doing in the area of trade and low-carbon economy. My name is Silvia Maciunas. I'm the deputy director of the environmental program at CIGI, which is a think tan