Health committee  It's absolutely not a good investment.

Health committee  I realize now that it's easy to impose these restrictions and very difficult to lift them, but let's take the example of Australia. They've had borders closed since the start of the pandemic and now they're saying they're not going to open them at least until the middle of next y

Health committee  One thing I'll just say is that the fact that some people are skirting the rules isn't necessarily evidence of failure. We design public policy all the time, but occasionally people do slip through the cracks and evade restrictions. As long as they work most of the time for most

Health committee  I'd be very reluctant to ballpark a number. I can try to come up with an estimate and send that to your office or to the committee later on. I do think even the best estimate right now might prove to be wildly off once we fully realize the effects of this in the future.

Health committee  I can see very clearly, living where I do in Toronto, that there's pressure from certain provinces with the claim that the borders are a cause of infection. I think multiple levels of government find it convenient to toss that football around, but there's no evidence for it.

Health committee  As of last week, France and Spain have begun welcoming fully vaccinated travellers. I believe Finland announced today that they would, as of today. Again, I can probably look up a list of jurisdictions and let you know.

Health committee  It's true. Fully vaccinated Canadians are welcome in France, but they're not necessarily welcome back today without quarantine.

Health committee  Absolutely. In fact, there are so many sectors.... We take for granted that people can cross the border and take advantage of tourism opportunities here. I think, when we finally see the scale of the effect, we'll be shocked.

Health committee  Frankly, for fully vaccinated travellers, that time has long past. It should have been through in April. Regular resumption of cross-border flows, I think, is overdue today.

Health committee  I have to say that it's disappointing. It's also a little bit bewildering. It's not clear at this stage what threat we face from fully vaccinated people, especially fully vaccinated Americans. In general, the rates of community transmission in the United States are either compara

Health committee  Good afternoon, and thank you for inviting me today. I'm an associate professor of economics at the University of Toronto. My past and current research focus is on airlines and the U.S.-Canada border. I have published articles in this area, and I have written a number of related