Canadian Heritage committee  I would say—in addition to what Madam Kong said in answering Mr. Sweet's question—that the uniform crime report collects only data about what has been recognized as a crime. This is not the right vehicle to measure fear or to measure hate if the hate is not a crime, per se. There would need to be other statistical vehicles to do that.

Canadian Heritage committee  That's a good question.

Canadian Heritage committee  They don't provide the detail, but they provide the incident. We know if there has been an incident, and the nature of the incident. We just don't have details about....

Canadian Heritage committee  Yes, we did. We also compared it with non-hate crime to see if there was a comparison or differences. For most reasons that are brought forward or proposed to the respondents when they are being asked, the distribution is about the same for hate crimes and non-hate crimes. The two bigger differences we saw were the fear of revenge, which was higher among victims of hate crimes, and the fear that the police would be biased, which was another area where the prevalence was higher among the victims of hate crimes compared to victims of non-hate crimes.

Canadian Heritage committee  Very good. Thank you, Madame Chair. Good afternoon, everyone. First, let me thank the committee members for inviting me to present the most recent data on hate crimes reported by Canadians and by Canadian police services. The most recent statistics we have are police-reported data from the calendar year 2015, which were released last June.

Justice committee  Is that in terms of statistics or in terms of legislation?

Justice committee  We don't pronounce ourselves on those matters.

Justice committee  That's a very good question. I would caution about making a conclusion about this, because there are also a number of cases that will no longer appear in front of courts. Cannabis-related cases will no longer go in the courts, so we don't know what the net effect is going to be.

Justice committee  Yes.

Justice committee  Once again, this is based on administrative data, and we don't have any reasons to provide with this. It could be related to many factors, such as police forces enforcing these things less than before or police practices. But if I can contrast some other results, cannabis consumption over that same period remained pretty stable.

Justice committee  No.

Justice committee  This is very hard to say. We always observe a trend in crime in general with smaller being in the east of the country going toward the western provinces and also going north. This is a general trend we observe. The only difference here is that drug-impaired driving on slide 15 is highest in the Atlantic, and that doesn't follow the trend.

Justice committee  In the survey, we don't ask. This is based on administrative data. We look at the date of the initiation of each case in front of the tribunals. We don't have detailed information about the reasons why it took so long. We only know that it takes that long. It takes 245 days. Half of the cases would take that, less or more than 245 days, which is more than twice the time it takes for alcohol-related cases.

Justice committee  That is an excellent question. We have made no direct link between the clearance rate and the rate of impaired driving. The prevalence of impaired driving cases is influenced by a number of factors. More detailed analysis would allow us to determine the impact of police intervention, but we have not done a study of that kind.

Justice committee  We have statistics of that kind and we can send them to the committee analysts.