Public Safety committee  I can't answer that 100%. I would guess they have spent more money on those types of measures, just because of past experiences, such as terrorist attacks in London.

Public Safety committee  What we see varies from country to country, For example, there were figures that the Pittsburgh summit cost around $18 million. That was largely for additional services that were needed. If you tallied up all of the security services needed for that summit, for example, those wer

Public Safety committee  It was the most expensive. It cost about $750 million just for the G-8 summit in 2000.

Public Safety committee  Yes, but for the Japanese summit, more of the money was spent on infrastructure than on security. In the 2000 summit, less money was spent on security than in the Canadian summit. The overall figure, however, was higher because of the infrastructure that was put in that area.

Public Safety committee  Yes, it is an extremely excruciating exercise. At the end of the day I would say that the figures we come out with offer a snippet, in trying to compare them, but they're never going to be exact.

Public Safety committee  I would say that's fair.

Public Safety committee  I think there are ways that less money could have been spent. Hosting the summit in one location would have been one way to do that. Costs could have been cut at the summit in a variety of other ways.

Public Safety committee  No, this was the first time that's happened, and it doesn't seem like it's going to happen again. The French, who are the next to host both summits, will be holding separate summits. The G-8 will happen in the summer, and the following G-20 summit will be in November.

Public Safety committee  Yes.

Public Safety committee  Yes, to my knowledge.

Public Safety committee  I can't give you a specific dollar figure, but certainly it would have been less if they had had both of the summits in Toronto because you would have been able to combine all of the facilities. You would have been able to not have the extra security measures that were needed in

Public Safety committee  In technical terms, no, there is no reason why they couldn't have done it. There are a variety of other reasons why they may have stuck to the way it was.

Public Safety committee  Yes.

Public Safety committee  Yes, thank you. There's a variety of different factors that come into play as to why some summits are more expensive than others. For example, if a host country picks a facility where they already have a structure in place to host the meeting, they won't have to spend money on e

Public Safety committee  Thank you. I will try to keep to ten minutes, because I know there are probably a lot of questions and comments perhaps that need to be made. Before starting with my official presentation I want to give a brief context of what I am going to present. I am the director of resea