Human Resources committee  I could make a couple of comments. While there has been progress for women in moving into skilled trades and apprenticeships, we still see fairly low rates. I think there's a parallel to what we looked at in our study in terms of immigrants, whether they be male or female, from n

Human Resources committee  It's a good question. Off the top of my head, I don't believe the father's place of birth is in the short form; I believe it's in the long form. Earnings are in the long form. Occupation, we control for; it's in the long form. I'd have to check on the other variables, but I'm

Human Resources committee  It's going to be a challenge for future research. The main issue is in the past, when the long form was mandatory. We were fairly confident that we were getting a representative sample of the population and for these subgroups. Obviously, if individuals are refusing to complete t

Human Resources committee  I guess one way to think about it is that it's reflecting the underlying preferences we all have for certain lifestyles, in a sense the non-pecuniary aspects of educational pathways. Any kind of model that's trying to predict demand going forward—these kinds of effects could be m

Human Resources committee  I don't really have a lot to add. In general, we know that often access to credit is a major issue for people in educational programs. I'm not saying that's a big issue for apprenticeship, but a detailed look at what potential barriers there are for people might be something wort

Human Resources committee  I'll make a quick comment related to the first nations question. We did a separate control, in a fairly basic way, in our analysis among Canadian-born first nations men and women. Within the context of our overall statistical analysis, there are many controls. For first nations

Human Resources committee  Thank you. I'm going to talk a bit about the main results from a paper I completed with Ted McDonald, who is an economist at the University of New Brunswick. It was part of a major project done by the Canadian Labour Market and Skills Researcher Network funded by the federal gov