Transport committee  I don't necessarily know about their rules. What I was actually referring to, particularly when we're talking about safety culture, was that the regulator needs some people internally who actually have some competence and some knowledge in that domain. Also, if we think safety cu

Transport committee  I think they can facilitate it, but having an accountable officer just means there's someone who is accountable. If they don't do a good pretty job of it, then it's going to make things worse, not better.

Transport committee  What I recommend for organizations is that they adopt a systematic approach to safety culture improvement. It's a journey, not a destination. The idea, really, is that you continually work to improve that through self-reflection and criticism. I think that could be facilitated th

Transport committee  I think that getting external input is always helpful. Whether it's an external auditor or an external regulator, all of those things are helpful for organizations in terms of safety improvement. I think what's important, though, as well is that you have a well-resourced and well

Transport committee  Different groups have resistance for different reasons. There are a number of different strategies that can be employed. In general we would try to engage people in the process. If they have control of the process, they tend to be more likely to buy into that change process. In a

Transport committee  I think it's true that how an organization approaches a safety management system develops over time. When you go from a prescriptive regime to a goal-oriented or safety management system regime, there's often a big challenge in that transition. In terms of maturity, in 2000 I d

Transport committee  Continuum. Yes.

Transport committee  Broadly speaking, when we assess safety culture, we tend to do it from an employee perception perspective. So if we're using a survey, for example, we're measuring employees' perceptions of management commitment to safety. That can give us some insight into the broader culture.

Transport committee  It's always a challenge to separate these things. Clearly, the employees are the people at risk, so yes, you want to know what's going on at the front line because that is a reflection of your culture. Not to sound paternalistic, but a way to think about this in an everyday sense

Transport committee  Okay. The safety culture is in some ways hard to define away from the broader organizational culture. That's one of the issues when you talk about morale and other—

Transport committee  There are many components. Definitely senior leader commitment is one of the biggest components of the culture in terms of determining what that culture looks like and how people feel about that culture. From a front-line perspective, they are the people who are at risk and the

Transport committee  I'd like to thank the committee for inviting me here to appear before you. First of all, I'm an organizational psychologist, and I've been studying safety culture for the past 20 years, so I was very pleased to see the prominence of safety culture in this review process. I've b