Canadian Heritage committee  Is it possible that it could potentially happen? Yes. This is why we deploy a system like Content ID: we ask rights holders to upload reference files that we can compare. Basically, we have them decide what they want to do to take action against that: whether they want to block i

Canadian Heritage committee  Percentage-wise, that is difficult to determine. It's difficult to determine what would qualify in overall percentage relative to the overall YouTube corpus. Also, with 400 million hours of content uploaded every minute, it becomes a bit of a meaningless statistic.

Canadian Heritage committee  With respect to GST or HST, no. That's because the nature of the legislation is such that if you're providing services from outside the country, it's an issue of whether or not you're required to collect and remit. We are working now to comply with the Quebec regime that was intr

Canadian Heritage committee  With respect to the GST, one thing that—

Canadian Heritage committee  We pay corporate income tax on operations in Canada. It's not necessarily sales. This is actually part and parcel of a much more complicated conversation that is happening in the the OECD with respect to the taxation of intangible goods and services and how that interacts with in

Canadian Heritage committee  Again, it depends on the nature of the advertising. For example, with display advertising, YouTube advertising, as I was saying, when an advertiser spends money on that, the bulk of that revenue actually flows back to the creators. That would include Canadian creators. It flows b

Canadian Heritage committee  With respect to YouTube, there's some variability there. It's basically a minimum of 55% or above; it depends.

Canadian Heritage committee  Correct, or above. I have to be clear about this. That's the minimum amount.

Canadian Heritage committee  That's correct. More recently, Shawn Mendes, who I think was mentioned at this committee as well, basically found his life on YouTube.

Canadian Heritage committee  He's still very prominent on the platform. His latest album was released on the platform. This is part and parcel, as I said, of a number of music-specific features that we've been deploying. He actually has an official artist channel that allows him to sell merchandise and do al

Canadian Heritage committee  I think it very much depends. For instance, Citigroup did a study that discovered that only 12% of overall remuneration flowing to the music industry was actually flowing back to the individual artists. This is the supply chain matter that I mentioned. While that's obviously not

Canadian Heritage committee  Certainly. Can you refresh my memory?

Canadian Heritage committee  Thank you for refreshing me. In many respects, again because of our approach here, we very much view many of these challenges fundamentally as a business challenge. It has to do with the nature of markets, the nature of what users are willing to pay, what they are willing to tol

Canadian Heritage committee  I think it's a long way of saying that outside of what I've already suggested, we don't have specific proposals with respect to this, at least in our view. I did participate in the copyright review five years ago. The Copyright Modernization Act of 2012 achieved a balance among

Canadian Heritage committee  Again, as a matter of policy, you could outline ways to bring the various parties together. As you are going to be engaging further during this process and hearing from other witnesses, this is also where I would strongly encourage the committee to hear from a range of creators,