Foreign Affairs committee  During the Cold War, the most extremist about any crisis were the superpowers, the Soviet Union and the Americans. The neighbours try always to find a solution because they are always scared to have some problems, except now. We see extremes much more from the neighbours of Syria

Foreign Affairs committee  They're different, Syria and Iraq. Let's begin with Iraq. I think if you have a committee, or if you charge a foundation or a university or whatever to invite and to develop a kind of dialogue, first separately, with people, you should avoid some mistakes that were done in 2006 a

Foreign Affairs committee  It's a very hard question. I really don't know if.... For Syria, while there are some new proposals now for a lot of things, it is very cynical. I myself have used several times the words “the crisis of Syria”. I've been doing this work for more than three decades, mediation and

Foreign Affairs committee  My concern when it comes to strikes is that we have had very bad experiences. I was in the session of the Security Council when I was still ambassador there, after the international community decided to go to Afghanistan. I remember that one of the talks we got there was about ho

Foreign Affairs committee  Yes, I think they have a website. The Islamic one, I'm sure it's in Arabic, French, and English on their website.

Foreign Affairs committee  I think I'm not in a position to answer in the stead of some states, but I think they have interparliamentary associations as well. I know there are two at the Arab level, and there's one at the Islamic level. There's an interparliamentary organization. I'm not sure where the hea

Foreign Affairs committee  The governments, secret services and other organizations do a lot of work and there are a lot of programs. Here is the background to all this. Turkey is a member of NATO. I know that every secret service in the western world and beyond, and NATO are at the border. On the other h

Foreign Affairs committee  I think the population in these provinces is much more reacting against the Maliki government and sectarian government—the enemy of my enemy can't be a friend of mine—but I heard from a lot of people that they don't trust and they don't want.... They had a bad experience with the

Foreign Affairs committee  Let me, as a practitioner, give one real example. When they were discussing the constitution, we were asking them to bring some experts from other countries who have huge experience about that, and we were trying to explain that it is protection for everybody, majorities as well

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you, Paul. It's...well, I think dialogue with everybody but al-Qaeda. When I was the special envoy there, I said it very clearly; it was talking to everybody except those who had an agenda going beyond the border of Iraq, or now both Iraq and Syria are the agenda. There's

Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you very much. Thank you for inviting me to be a witness and to give some ideas, but very, very briefly; I don't know what I can develop in eight to ten minutes. I was twice the special envoy in Iraq and once in Syria. In Iraq it was immediately after the war in 1991; it