Status of Women committee  To your first question, I think we've seen with a number of different issues that when celebrities give voice to an issue, it allows the issue to be in the popular culture, in the public square, and that's valuable. We have certainly seen, in the U.S. and in Canada, that girls have committed suicide because of the extent to which they were cyberbullied.

Status of Women committee  I will take responsibility for making sure that the folks who run Applejacks in our office are connected to you and can give you a more detailed explanation of the work they do. I understand that we are in middle schools, and I understand that it is about being able to be expansive in how we are interacting with both the students and the teachers.

Status of Women committee  In the U.S. we have partnered with the National Network to End Domestic Violence. They have been the lead in doing a lot of this work in outreach to women around how to protect themselves online and in training law enforcement in understanding this as a new form of violence against women and girls.

Status of Women committee  I'll give you the example of what played out in my personal situation. I was fortunate to be cyberstalked in D.C. as opposed to Virginia, because at the time Virginia did not contemplate cyberstalking as a form of stalking, whereas D.C. did. I think the legal recognition of cyberviolence, cyberstalking, cyberharassment as forms of stalking and harassing is legally important.

Status of Women committee  Absolutely.

Status of Women committee  I affirm what Lauren has said, that it is important, as you will see that in the way we've developed our policies, to be very narrowly tailored so we have that thoughtful balance between innovation, free expression, and safety.

Status of Women committee  It's also our commitment to democracy. We want the ideals of democracy and inclusion and diversity to be part of how individuals engage online. This is also about how we build our civil society and about how individuals, our digital citizens, inform what kind of civil society we are.

Status of Women committee  I think it's important to talk about it also from the place of power. In the U.S. we have Black Girls Code and Girls Who Code. That's important, because it's also about making sure that our girls have not just the literacy but the actual skills to not only download but also to be able to upload apps.

Status of Women committee  That's revenge porn.

Status of Women committee  What I would say, from part of what we've learned here and from my own lived experience, is that it's very important for law enforcement to be trained around these forms of cyberviolence, for law enforcement to understand that being cyberharassed is the same as being physically harassed and warrants consideration and response.

Status of Women committee  That's exactly right. I would also say that it is good to be linked to the schools as well. Part of what we saw play out and continue to see play out in the U.S. is that when girls are cyberbullied, it's often called slut shaming. It's not even contemplated as a form of cyberviolence, right?

Status of Women committee  Conversation AI is in the process of being created and is not a finished product, but here's an example of this issue around removing content that I've been able to witness up front. When we have child sexual abuse imagery—and we scrub for that on all our platforms—we then reach out to NCMEC, the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, and we red-flag that content with them.

Status of Women committee  I think that's part of the work with Conversation AI, and I think that's part of the question we have before us. We in the States have been doing a lot of work with women's rights groups around this issue. How do we make sure that the algorithms don't reproduce misogyny, and how do we use algorithms in a way to help forge a new language of respect?

Status of Women committee  When I was on the NGO side, the lion's share of my work was around child sex trafficking, and we worked with Google on a campaign we launched called No Such Thing—that there is no such thing as a child prostitute, only victims and survivors of child rape. What was powerful about having Google as a funder was that it signalled to other funders that we were a legitimate, strong, viable organization.

Status of Women committee  I think Conversation AI will be another opportunity to be able to regulate and monitor for hate speech in comments.