Public Accounts committee  We haven't worked that one out yet. Scientifically, though, they agree that Celsius is the right scale, but publicly, it's another question.

Public Accounts committee  It's not a difference of opinion. I think we learn from each other, particularly because they do a lot of work with coastal communities on travel on sea ice, and we're learning from that to broaden our programs for sea ice. Traditionally it's been about vessel traffic and supporting vessel activity, but we've increasingly learned about how we can support community activity, travel on sea ice, hunting on sea ice, where it's a very different environment with landfast ice versus open-water ice.

Public Accounts committee  Ours are particularly through university partnerships, and they have the programs with the communities. This is on things like ice thickness—measuring ice thickness and techniques for ice thickness. That's what the strongest one is. It's sort of indirectly through the universities that we're largely co-operating.

Public Accounts committee  First of all, on the weather side, we have a full public weather program for communities in the Arctic. All the communities get public weather forecasts and warnings. For the marine communities, we have a full marine weather program, which includes weather conditions and sea state.

Public Accounts committee  There are several. Probably the strongest one particularly relevant to the Arctic is on sea ice. We have a trilateral arrangement with our ice service and the ice service in the United States, which is part of NOAA, and also with the international ice patrol, which is part of the U.S.

Public Accounts committee  Definitely. Satellite has become the primary tool for meteorological and ice surveillance. For ice, where we previously relied on the transport Dash aircraft, for example, we now rely almost exclusively on satellite surveillance.

Public Accounts committee  The only thing I could add is this: In addition to providing meteorological intelligence and ice information for the Canadian territory, we provide for a broad swath of Arctic international waters, as part of international agreements under the International Maritime Organization.