Status of Women committee  I'm glad to hear about that as well.

Status of Women committee  Yes, that's correct.

Status of Women committee  Sorry, I think I missed one year. I think it was actually 2016 that Canada appeared before the committee. Let me just verify that.

Status of Women committee  We're talking about two different reports. The inquiry report on the missing and murdered aboriginal women was in 2015. CEDAW's concluding observations on Canada's eighth and ninth periodic report, which is an entirely different reporting exercise, were published in November 2016.

Status of Women committee  I'm hearing about it now for the first time, and I'm very glad to hear that. This is very reassuring information, and we certainly appreciate it. The next report on Canada is due, I believe, in 2020. Hopefully, it will also present itself in good outcomes on the ground. It is certainly an indication of a good way to go.

Status of Women committee  No, my apologies. Our work is not one of constantly monitoring all the states that are parties to the convention. We have the opportunity to examine progress periodically, every four or five years. In the interim, there is that follow-up exercise, but it is limited to only two issues that were raised during the dialogue.

Status of Women committee  I had the chance to go back to my notes—

Status of Women committee  Can I read to you what I summarized then? I think it will explain. What I wrote then was that first nations women now benefit from protections of the division of matrimonial property as real property under the Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act equal to those of non-indigenous women resident off reserve on the occasion of family breakdown or death of a partner.

Status of Women committee  The witness from Calgary mentioned the key issues that we can see from other countries that are facing similar challenges. Courses on acquiring language skills are the number one key to integration. The women who are taking these courses should be provided with adequate child care facilities and if they are pregnant, if they give birth, they should be accorded the same benefits that women in Canada are eligible for, so that they do not lose the training they've already received.

Status of Women committee  I do not think that's been presented with such indications in the information that we were provided with. In relation to women experiencing culture shock, at least from what we had been exposed to, the question might be better framed if we were to ask about culture shock in the male partners and the need to orient them with the norms that are very much different from the patriarchal traditional norms they may carry with them from their former countries.

Status of Women committee  Absolutely. Again this is a universal phenomenon, and we cannot blame the individual couples or partners who are taking the most economically efficient choice they can take when their intention is simply to survive in the most economical manner they can. When Canada is, according to our numbers, investing only 25% of the OECD's recommended benchmark on child care facilities, this level of investment I think explains very well the impossible dilemma or situation—the limbo—that Canadian women and Canadian parents are faced with.

Status of Women committee  Some of the statistics available to us put Canada in not the best place it could be with respect to its own resources and commitment to gender equality. That commitment is evident in many of Canada's initiatives and legislation, but the gap between the commitment and the reality is really disturbing.

Status of Women committee  The data are even more worrying, because only 6% of the women employed are managers. Again, this is below the rate in many other countries, such as Australia, France, the U.K., or Iceland. The female share of seats on boards of the largest publicly listed companies is less than 20%, well below that of New Zealand, the U.K., Denmark, Finland, Italy, and France.

Status of Women committee  I'm sorry, but I'm not sure that I'm following the question. Was that a reference to our recommendation with respect to—

Status of Women committee  I can offer only my thoughts based on the information we were provided during the dialogue. My understanding is that what we are witnessing here is the phenomenon that is often the case in many immigrant-absorbing countries in which communities of immigrants are placed or tend to stay together in closed communities and remain in closed clusters within the absorbing country.