Public Safety committee  That is a very good question, thank you. That centre just happens to fall under Ms. Wherrett. So I'm going to turn it over to her so she can give you more information on that.

Public Safety committee  Indeed not. We're getting involved in terminology here. It's like saying, is IMVE a terrorist group? Incel is an ideology that involves a whole bunch of different people, and there are groups that could fall under the category. If they were to meet the threshold in the Criminal Code, then they would become a listed entity.

Public Safety committee  Thank you. As it happens, I don't feel like continuing to pass the torch. However, I'm wondering whether Jill Wherrett might want to step in from a Public Safety perspective, in terms of Canada's participation in the Christchurch call. We certainly have been supportive, standing shoulder to shoulder with our New Zealand colleagues.

Public Safety committee  Thank you for the question. Frankly, I think I may have done Madame Michaud a disservice earlier, because I think that's what she was getting at in terms of IMVE and terrorism and where the two somewhat meet. The question that was just asked about Canadian extremist travellers touched on that issue as well.

Public Safety committee  I'll take a stab at answering that. I think my colleague from CSIS, Mr. Hahlweg, certainly did a good job of describing the dangers that of course will continue to happen once you start listing these entities. By default, listing them does enable social media platforms to remove these entities.

Public Safety committee  Very quickly, I'd like to think that we're certainly at the table and we're shoulder to shoulder with our Five Eyes partners and others in terms of trying to address this issue. It's not an issue that Canada faces alone, by any stretch.

Public Safety committee  Thank you for the question. I think it would be more appropriate for the RCMP and CSIS to talk about their definition of threats. That said, I can give you a quick answer. As my colleagues have said, this is a team effort on a very complex topic. It is true that, until now, terrorism was really the most challenging threat.

Public Safety committee  Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. Good afternoon, committee members. Thank you for the invitation to appear today to discuss ideologically motivated violent extremism in Canada. My name is Dominic Rochon. I'm the senior assistant deputy minister of the national and cybersecurity branch here at Public Safety Canada.

Public Safety committee  Shall I continue from where I left off, or would you like me to restart where I started in French?

Public Safety committee  Certainly. The listing of terrorist entities is one tool that is available to the Government of Canada. In 2019, as you may recall, the Government of Canada added the international neo-Nazi network Blood & Honour and its armed affiliate Combat 18 to the list. Operationally, those listings contributed to the removal of the groups’ online presence.

Industry committee  I'll take a stab at answering the question. Thank you for bringing that to our attention. I will note that CRA is one of the 19 departments and agencies that are at the table when we review items for national security. The nature of a lot of the questions you're asking us is whether or not something warrants a proactive look at a specific area, for example, a specific country or a specific issue.

Industry committee  Let me jump in. I think anyone can answer the question, but the truth of the matter is, whenever a flag is raised with regard to any potential investment, we're looking at whether there's a vulnerability, and we're looking at whether or not the actor, as the case may be, poses a threat.

Industry committee  Indeed, the truth of the matter is that national security needs to be flexible, because what is a threat today may not have been one last year. The best illustration of that is, as we were talking about with Mr. Masse earlier, personal protective equipment. A year ago a company investing in a manufacturing company that is developing PPE would not have popped up on anyone's radar, but now it would fall into play with regard to supply chains and dealing with pandemics.

Industry committee  We also outreach public safety. Part of that outreach is with our provincial and territorial friends, of course. Educating individuals at the forefront of investment attraction or securities is part of our mandate. As Mr. Davies pointed out, the government did invest in economic security writ large, putting in something like $67 million.

Industry committee  From a competition perspective, I think I will defer to my colleague at ISED, Mr. Davies.