Foreign Affairs committee  Thank you. It's an excellent question. It has to be tied, again, to grounds of violating human or international rights. For any individual who is sanctioned, there has to be a direct link. It cannot be separated out as a stand-alone sanction ground because of geographic location or country.

Foreign Affairs committee  Yes. We are recommending that it remain a sanction tied to grounds of violating human or international rights. For some reason, in this bill, those things have been divorced. They've been decoupled, as my friend from The Refugee Centre said, and I think that's risky in law in terms of enforcement.

Foreign Affairs committee  Just very quickly, I'll add that I think you need to leave safety valves in place where there are innocent individuals. There should be more immediate redress within the IRPA, such as ministerial relief and access to the immigration division. It think those safety valves are important, both for the constitutionality of the provisions and for ease of reference.

Foreign Affairs committee  It's a recommendation made by Mr. David Matas. The impact on regular arrivals, given the amendments to the safe third country agreement, would now be minimal at best. The issue with the delisting is that even though there's access to refugee status, there is no access to any sort of status, be it temporary or permanent, until you're delisted, so those individuals remain in a state of legislative limbo.

Foreign Affairs committee  The reality is that immigration lawyers are not dealing with individuals who have been sanctioned, because, as you can see from the testimony, it's just not come up in 20 years. The system is quite robust now. The dangers of what I'm discussing are.... In the 26 years of seeing what legislation falls for constitutional challenges or for other reasons and ends up getting struck down, what happens is there's almost an echo chamber.

Foreign Affairs committee  Good morning. Thank you, Mr. Chair and members of the committee. Thank you for the invitation. In our brief submitted before the Senate last year, we made five recommendations, which we repeat here. We endorse the concerns highlighted by the CBA and The Refugee Centre. Why the recommendations?