Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  It is important to know that we have no secret information. It comes through the large-scale analysis of open-source information that comes primarily from, in this case, social media parents looking for their kids, combined with the data being released through bad tradecraft by the Russians, combined with the fact that they are not hiding it.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Our number one source of information, 100%, is the Russian government. When online, I am attacked by information operations that say, “How do we know?” Well, we know because the perpetrator told us.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Thank you. That's very generous. I want to take a moment to talk about the technical issues that are involved in identifying missing children, regardless of where you are identifying them, because this committee will face funding requests that it will have to evaluate on the technical aspects of this complex issue.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  We will be releasing a report on this subject imminently. That's all I can say for now. Stand by.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  We translated a conversation that Maria Lvova-Belova was having with local officials on a video in which she said, “Don't worry about the sanctions. They don't even know how to spell your name.” I'm telling this story because she was having to communicate with those further down the food chain to basically assuage their concerns that they would face legal or international consequences.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I can't evaluate Canada's sanctions regime on this topic. The United States and the European Union have similar sanctions regimes on similar individuals. They moved quite rapidly after our report came out in going down the list of those on our chain of command chart. I think it's why international coordination is so important.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  The President of the United States has allowed the sharing of information now with the ICC on these matters. We are actively engaged in sharing right now all of the underlying data from our public investigations and our forthcoming reports. We are doing that to be able to facilitate further investigation and, yes, potential indictment by the ICC of other officials.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I'm going to go quickly on three, two, one. Three, on your last question, I don't know who Canada has sanctioned, but we will provide to the committee the full package that we gave to the Department of Commerce and the Department of the Treasury on the U.S. side. We will work with you to make sure that we have sanctions coherence on our side in terms of the information we provided to the U.S. government.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  I think back to the incredible public communication effort of the Canadian government during the Ottawa process leading to the anti-personnel land mine ban. I spoke at Dalhousie University many years ago, and I was impressed by the immense amount of literacy and engagement of students and adults on that issue because of the work of Global Affairs Canada and others.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  The psychosocial challenge here is going to take years and decades. I defer to my Ukrainian colleagues, who are more expert in what's involved than I am. We have an identification challenge and a reintegration and psychosocial support challenge. Coordinating donorship from the international community now is going to ensure long-term success.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  It is important to state that unfortunately the pipeline of children returning seems to be significantly decreasing to stopping. In recent weeks, we have not seen children returning from the camps or other locations. I think there needs to be two main lines of effort. One, yes, is supporting CSOs, but the second line of effort should be the main effort, which is direct pressure on President Putin and on Russia to have a policy of registration and a policy of return consistent with the Geneva Conventions.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  At this point, the CSO route seems to have gone as far as it can. In terms of working with Russian CSOs, to be very clear, you're working with the Russian government, regardless of whether it is branded as a CSO. I think it's important that we realize that there is no silver bullet here.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  As was alluded to by our colleagues, the camp system actually goes back to the Stalin era and the Soviet Union's pioneer camps. In the case of Crimea, one facility, Artek, was built by Stalin. In the case of other facilities such as those in Moscow, they're often referred to as family centres.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  Yes.

Subcommittee on International Human Rights committee  It is very important to state clearly that the children who have been returned to date, the 300, due in part to the incredible efforts of Save Ukraine, are almost entirely children from the camp kids population. As it relates to those who were in the Ukrainian state institutions, there has not been any return, to our knowledge, of those kids or the kids from infiltration or the battlefield.