I haven't done research. That's why I said at the beginning that I was going to talk about vouching. I have a personal view, but it isn't backed up by evidence. I just know that in our country we do separate.... The crown is separate from the police; I have worked with the police in the past and I've published on that. We do separate the crown from the police from the courts. It's one of the principles of the Westminster system that we separate the three.
In fact in many administrations, including my own administration.... I cannot sit at an appeal. If a student appeals my grade, I cannot sit on the appeal committee. It's kind of obvious. That's a principle in every system. That's the extent to which I could comment.