I'll talk for a second.
It's less the issue of.... On the CF readiness side, there's one set of problems for the CF to handle. The wider issues of the types of defence problems that might confront the country, of course, are wider than the CF, and they are governmental affairs. In a number of instances, the government has decided to give responsibility to parts of DND or the CF so that we have the joint response unit for potential biological chemical warfare attacks. Who's going to do that? Who has national responsibility to actually do something on the ground? That falls to the CF to do.
To think about the bigger problem, it's a kind of whole-of-government issue. For instance, in 2001, before the events of September 11, in order to expand the horizons of the defence intelligence community, which is fairly large in Canada outside of DND and the CF, one of our graduate courses we created was on asymmetric threat analysis. What is considered an asymmetric threat? How do you analyze it? How do you parse out a response to it? What do you anticipate? That was as a service to the whole of government.
But some of these things don't have a ready response. There's no answer book on how to proceed. So when, over a decade ago, the government looked forward at potential cyber-threats, when we analyzed American literature that talked about “a state of war”, if you can prove that some state or non-state actor attacks some asset of the government, it is in essence a state of war, but we had no adjunct in law in Canada to do that.
So who's responsible remains kind of an open question, but they created an organization called OCIPEP, which is supposed to look at all these types of threats.