I apologize, but I don't know the exact percentage of the oil sands development in comparison to the boreal region. It is a large region. The oil sands area will disturb a large area, but thankfully other areas could remain intact if we plan ahead. That's really the opportunity presented by the boreal forest, because much of the area is not yet developed. If we take a large-scale perspective we can make decisions such as, let's use this area for development, and let's use this area to maintain ecological integrity, natural capital.
So I think that's the approach needed. The boreal framework that we support suggests that to maintain the ecological, cultural, and socio-economic integrity of the region we should set aside at least half the region for conservation and implement sustainable management practices in the remaining half. The boreal forest is one of the last places where we can actually do something like that.
On the effect on species such as the caribou and whether they will come back, we don't know. If it does happen it's going to take a long time. There's no evidence to date that woodland caribou will come back to an area that has been disturbed. That again underscores the need to set aside equivalent large-scale areas where caribou can be maintained if we're going to be developing an area like the oil sands, and there are good reasons for doing that due to the economic value.