I don't have any opinion on the issues of upgrading where in the value chain.... Clearly from the wellhead through to the fuel tank in a car or a moped in Kenya, or what have you, there's a series of different events that happen in that supply chain to enable the use of energy.
My position from pipelines is simply this. In order to move large quantities of energy, you need tubes of steel a metre under the ground. We have a shortage of that in Canada right now for the type of energy production that's under way, regardless of whether you're shipping diluted bitumen, refined product, or synthetic product.