Thank you for reminding us of the human face to all of this.
We're talking about graphs and trees and so on, but it wasn't that long ago that the skies were orange here in Ottawa, as in Edmonton and elsewhere, because of the incredible fire season we had. It was felt not only here in southern Canada but also in the United States from the fires in Canada.
This is a sign of what can happen with catastrophic climate change. It's not just an academic issue. We're starting to see it in our daily lives, and it affects communities, especially those living in forested environments.
With respect to your questions, if they do succeed in planting two billion incremental trees and they act on the new agreements in principle and the new agreements, which are a good sign, then we would expect the payoff to start, as I said earlier, around 2031-32, when we would start to see the small trees that are planted today becoming large enough to become a carbon sink.
However, there's more to a forest than trees, and I think you're getting that as well. There are livelihoods of communities and there's the biodiversity associated with them. It was quite disappointing to see the partial disagreement with our recommendation to provide incentives for habitat restoration work for all project streams.
Natural Resources Canada did not accept that part of the recommendation, even though it's quite evident that from a biodiversity point of view, a community point of view and a resilience point of view, a more diverse forest has better benefits for biodiversity and for human health.