Canadian Space Launch Act

An Act to amend the Aeronautics Act and other Acts

Sponsor

Steven MacKinnon  Liberal

Status

Second reading (House), as of April 28, 2026

Subscribe to a feed (what's a feed?) of speeches and votes in the House related to Bill C-28.

Summary

This is from the published bill. The Library of Parliament has also written a full legislative summary of the bill.

This enactment amends the Aeronautics Act to establish a legislative framework for space launch and re-entry activities in Canada. It amends certain definitions to take into account new terms, such as launch vehicles and re-entry vehicles, and authorizes those terms to be defined by regulation. It also removes certain decisions related to launch and re-entry from review by the Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada. It expands the regulation-making powers, including in relation to launches and re-entries and the operation of launch and re-entry sites, as well as in relation to the application of certain international agreements and standards.
This enactment also introduces new authorities related to liability and indemnification for launch and re-entry activities. It authorizes the Minister of Transport to indemnify owners and operators of launch or re-entry vehicles in certain circumstances, and when it is in the public interest, for their liability to third parties for loss or damage caused by their activities, and to require the owners and operators in certain circumstances to indemnify the Government of Canada for any liability to third parties for loss or damage caused by their activities. It establishes regulatory authority to create a distinct financial responsibility regime that includes the ability to grant exemptions or adjustments in specific cases. It provides for emergency authorities to allow the Minister to stop launch or re-entry activities for reasons of safety or security. Finally, it establishes a scheme related to the development of zoning regulations for certified launch and re-entry sites.
It also amends the Carriage by Air Act , the Canada Transportation Act and the Secure Air Travel Act .

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Bill numbers are reused for different bills each new session. Perhaps you were looking for one of these other C-28s:

C-28 (2022) Law An Act to amend the Criminal Code (self-induced extreme intoxication)
C-28 (2021) Strengthening Environmental Protection for a Healthier Canada Act
C-28 (2016) An Act to amend the Criminal Code (victim surcharge)
C-28 (2014) Law Appropriation Act No. 5, 2013-14

Debate Summary

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This is a computer-generated summary of the speeches below. Usually it’s accurate, but every now and then it’ll contain inaccuracies or total fabrications.

Bill C-28 seeks to establish a regulatory framework for commercial space launch and re-entry activities within Canada. While supporters argue this will foster economic growth and national sovereignty, critics express concerns regarding ministerial discretion, potential lack of transparency, and inadequate parliamentary oversight.

Liberal

  • Establishing sovereign launch capabilities: Liberals argue that as the only G7 nation lacking domestic launch capabilities, Canada must establish sovereign access to space to protect national security and reduce dependence on foreign nations for critical satellite infrastructure.
  • Driving economic growth: The bill aims to capture a share of the rapidly expanding global space economy, projecting the creation of thousands of high-paying jobs and a domestic industry worth an estimated $40 billion.
  • Creating a modern regulatory framework: The legislation provides a clear legal and licensing framework for commercial space activities, establishing risk-based safety requirements and financial indemnification systems to provide the certainty needed for private sector investment.
  • Fostering innovation and regional development: The bill supports regional projects, such as the Nova Scotia spaceport, and encourages Canadian innovation in aerospace to inspire the next generation of scientists and keep high-skilled talent within the country.

Conservative

  • Supports domestic space capabilities: The Conservatives support establishing domestic space launch capabilities but oppose the bill's reliance on ministerial discretion over a clear legislative framework, arguing it creates regulatory uncertainty for investors and weakens parliamentary control.
  • Protects taxpayers from financial risk: Members criticize provisions allowing the minister to indemnify private operators at their discretion, arguing this transfers significant financial risk to taxpayers without transparent reporting, competitive fairness, or adequate parliamentary oversight.
  • Strengthens national security safeguards: The party highlights the absence of mandatory national security screenings or foreign ownership transparency in the bill, calling for these protections to be hard-wired into the statute rather than left to ministerial judgment.
  • Opposes opaque insider deals: Critics raise alarms over perceived favoritism, citing a $200-million federal deal for a primitive launch site as evidence that the bill's design rewards political connections and lobbyists over merit and the rule of law.

Bloc

  • Support for domestic launch capability: The Bloc supports establishing a legislative framework for space launches to reduce Canada's 60-year lag behind other nations and end the country's total dependence on American facilities and expertise.
  • Concerns about ministerial discretion: Members criticize the bill for lacking clear definitions and granting the minister excessive power to create regulations behind closed doors, which risks undermining parliamentary oversight and transparency.
  • Leveraging Quebec's aerospace industry: Highlighting the Canadian Space Agency’s presence in Saint-Hubert and Quebec's strong aeronautics sector, the party advocates for utilizing the province's specialized knowledge and considering it for future launch infrastructure.
  • Demand for transparency and vision: The party calls for greater transparency regarding the government's long-term vision for civilian, commercial, and military applications of the space sector to ensure all potential impacts are properly addressed.
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Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:50 p.m.

Liberal

Mike Kelloway Liberal Sydney—Glace Bay, NS

Mr. Speaker, the member makes some solid points.

I used Nova Scotia as an example, but I could have easily used Quebec as an example, in terms of the innovation and the collective intelligence when it comes to space, aviation and things of that nature. I think this regulatory framework touches all provinces, all opportunities, the skills and abilities, and the political and collective will of the Quebec people. I think that good things will be happening in Quebec as well as a result of this regulatory framework.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:50 p.m.

Liberal

Darren Fisher Liberal Dartmouth—Cole Harbour, NS

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my hon. colleague, who is also from Nova Scotia, for his passion for our province. I share that passion. I have often used the example that many young people had to leave Nova Scotia and go to some of the bigger cities in Canada to find their way, and now they would no longer have to.

Could the hon. parliamentary secretary describe the genesis of this project? Why this location? What is the strategic advantage of this project in this location in Nova Scotia?

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

Liberal

Mike Kelloway Liberal Sydney—Glace Bay, NS

Mr. Speaker, Canso meets all the standards by which it is more productive and easier to bring product to space via a variety of means, in particular, satellites and whatnot. I appreciate the member bringing it up.

Many folks in the municipal district of Guysborough and adjacent communities, municipalities, first nations and the private sector support this for all the advantages that Canso brings. Time and time again, we hear from the Conservatives that it is not possible, as well as more negatives.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

Conservative

Tamara Kronis Conservative Nanaimo—Ladysmith, BC

Mr. Speaker, in communities like mine there is a lot of ambition around space launches.

Communities like mine are still waiting to know when we are going to get a chance to clean up derelict vessels around the coastline. I have proponents in my communities who want to remove the boats, but the Liberals defunded and closed the program. When are you going to reopen it and deliver relief to my communities?

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

Again, please speak through the chair.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

Liberal

Mike Kelloway Liberal Sydney—Glace Bay, NS

Mr Speaker, I am not sure when there is going to be time to do that, but I will say it is a very important issue. I was with fisheries as the parliamentary secretary. In terms of the Pacific Coast, we know that there are challenges there, but we are working and, as a member close to me says, we are laser‑focused on that.

When it comes to Canada establishing sovereignty and working on space, this bill is the right way—

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

Resuming debate, the hon. member for Nanaimo—Ladysmith.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

Conservative

Tamara Kronis Conservative Nanaimo—Ladysmith, BC

Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to be here today to discuss this important bill. It is a real opportunity to talk about issues that are important to our communities.

The government has been incredibly ambitious with this bill, talking about the possibility of launching rockets into space from Canada and developing a national space program by 2028. Yet, in front of us we have a bill that is very easy reading because, at only 10 pages, it sketches out the briefest of details around what that program might look like. It is going to be a challenge for the transport committee to think about how to operationalize this and how to think about asking the government where it is heading on this.

One of the characteristics that is emerging from this government, which we really see in this bill, is a trend towards creating a new organization, putting together very thin details around it and then leaving it to the executive branch of government to sort out, with an incredible amount of discretion. What that does under these circumstances is create a real conundrum. It creates a situation where, as constructive members of a loyal opposition, we want to work with this government to realize the ambitions of Canada and to build Canada into the kind of country that we can all be proud of.

However, we find ourselves facing these situations without a lot of guidance from the government about where it wants to go. The ambitions associated with this bill are galactic, but the realities are closer to an abandoned—

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

The hon. member for Okanagan Lake West—South Kelowna is rising on a point of order.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

Conservative

Dan Albas Conservative Okanagan Lake West—South Kelowna, BC

Mr. Speaker, we do not have translation.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

I understand that there may not be translation.

Is translation working in French?

I understand that interpretation is working, so I am going to invite the member to resume her comments.

The hon. member for Nanaimo—Ladysmith.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:55 p.m.

Conservative

Tamara Kronis Conservative Nanaimo—Ladysmith, BC

Mr. Speaker, this is actually a wonderful opportunity to indicate that I will be splitting my time with the member for Montmorency—Charlevoix.

I was starting to talk about the fact that the bill is incredibly ambitious. It has ambitions of galactic proportions, in fact, looking to be able to launch Canadian rockets into space and to enhance our ability to participate in a space program. However, one of the challenges is that right now, the program looks like a gravel pit or a gravel-covered lot in Nova Scotia. I am sure the site was selected for a good reason. I am sure it provides an optimal location to be able to launch from, but I think it is going to be important from an oversight perspective to be able to look at and examine the economics of this deal.

We have a very unusual set of circumstances. In this particular case, there was no need, it looks like, from the reports, to actually expropriate this great location. It looks like there was in fact an entity that got there. This was originally, I believe, Crown land and was in fact being leased out to someone who has made what might be a deal of galactic proportions, to be able to lease that space back to the government for a very large amount of money.

What I struggle with under these circumstances is that the need to examine this transaction comes at a time when the Liberal government has actually taken steps in the House, in the last 24 hours, to make it harder to do that. I was in the ethics committee last night for several hours, listening to some of my colleagues from across the aisle speak at great length and with incredible lung capacity to the reasons the committee should not, in fact, get access to documents that the members of the committee were seeking in order to examine matters related to the Prime Minister's schedule, to conflicts of interest and to other matters that Canadians really deserve to be able to see into.

Under the conditions we are in, in this country, if we really are, as the Prime Minister says, in a time of rupture, it is so important for the best ideas to rise to the top. There is only one way for us to get the best ideas, and that is to subject them to detailed questioning and analysis.

It is in that spirit that we approach our duties with respect to the ethics committee. Of course, everyone knows the government wants to live up to its expectations, but the reason that conflict of interest screens exist and committees like the ethics committee exist is that we are all human. This oversight, and the knowledge that this oversight is there, enables us to be crisp in our adherence to the law and to really have it on our minds all the time, which is so important when we are dealing with taxpayer dollars.

That takes me back to the bill and to the fact that already, within hours, frankly, of the initiative being announced, we have some questions as to the financial circumstances around the selection and lease of the site. On top of that, what we layer onto that is a bill that is really and truly quite thin in terms of its regulation. It does not answer some really important questions around how decisions are made, preferring instead to leave them to the discretion of the executive branch of the government.

The thing about the executive branch of the government is that it does not operate in this place. It operates across the street and in various other buildings around the parliamentary precinct. It is so important to have that parliamentary oversight, as we think about questions around the safety and security of something as important as a space program, and as we think about the intelligence implications and the other matters that need to be taken into account when we are launching an ambitious program such as this.

We are examining the bill at a time when the government has taken some steps, in the last 24 hours, to establish sort of an iron control over committees, which it would be able to use to, quite frankly, stifle debate on these issues.

Earlier, one of my colleagues pointed out that in answer to a question about this act, one of the government members involved in transport, I think it might have even been one of the parliamentary secretaries, was discussing how they would be getting information like this. They would be working things out with the Canadian Space Agency. That is of great concern to us because the Canadian Space Agency, while a very important organization, is not an organization that has its focus on security and intelligence matters.

There are defence implications to a space program like this. There are commercial implications. There are procurement implications. It really is one of those areas where the more I think about it, the more I see the need for a whole-of-government approach. That is not to create additional bureaucracies but to make sure the legislation is precise and clear enough that different parts of the government, different agencies, understand what their roles and responsibilities are and so that regulations around this program can be developed in a sensible and efficient way that would make sure Canada gets the most out of this program at this very important time.

If we are going to build our country in a way that creates good jobs for the next generation, then it is so important to handle this initiative in a responsible way. It is going to be up to the transport committee, and I know my colleagues will do a good job in thinking the bill through.

With that, I thank all of my colleagues, from both sides of the aisle, who have contributed to making this important program launch in a good way. I look forward to answering questions about my remarks.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 1:05 p.m.

Winnipeg North Manitoba

Liberal

Kevin Lamoureux LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons

Mr. Speaker, the legislation speaks for itself in the sense that we recognize the potential to build Canada strong for all by looking at how the space industry, our aerospace industry, our military industrial industries and post-secondary facilities would all, in one way or another, be directly impacted. We have an opportunity here to potentially generate thousands of jobs and billions of dollars in additional GDP contributions over the coming years. What we need is the framework within this legislation.

Is the member committed to seeing the principle of the legislation pass through?

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 1:05 p.m.

Conservative

Tamara Kronis Conservative Nanaimo—Ladysmith, BC

Mr. Speaker, I thank the member for both his ambition and his optimism around this.

If the bill does speak for itself, it does so very quietly, because it is quite thin on detail.

Yes, we agree with the members across the aisle that there is an opportunity here, and we look forward to probing that opportunity in committee and being able to put some substance on the bill.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 1:05 p.m.

Conservative

Dan Albas Conservative Okanagan Lake West—South Kelowna, BC

Mr. Speaker, the government has said multiple times that this would align Canada with other G7 countries, like the U.K. and the United States.

The legislation in the U.K., the Outer Space Act 1986, literally says that the licensing authority must be satisfied that an activity will not impede national security. In the United States, Congress decided that the giving of indemnification to participants in the space industry should be decided by Congress and not by the administration itself. Why would this legislation do neither?