Yes, if you'll permit me to, I can reply. In general, these are not issues that are as closely related as you might believe.
In fact, in Europe in general, whether it's the European Union or Switzerland, there are many levies on many different devices and digital media. That's not linked to a particular model of anti-circumvention provisions. There is no link. That's not the reason Switzerland has the anti-circumvention provision they do: because there's a levy there. There are many levies throughout the European Union and they have completely different models of anti-circumvention. I have to emphasize that those are not related.
Now, I have published another article wherein I suggest that Canada should not be pursuing the path where we try to levy more media and more devices. This is a market issue and it's a market solution. What we need to talk about is how we can encourage innovation in the digital content market, right? That's fundamentally what it's about.
The question in that context is whether we want to look backwards at the digital business models of the last 25 years or at the digital business models of the next 25 years. There's a really dangerous way of thinking about it, which is that because some countries have enacted strong anti-circumvention provisions, we should do that, and that somehow strong provisions are better than more moderate provisions. That falls into the fallacy that because some protection is good, more is always and necessarily better.
That's really not the way to look at it. We absolutely want to create digital content innovation: innovative business models that facilitate the sale and marketing of digital content. There's a wide spectrum. Some people suggest that technological protection measures have no role to play in that kind of marketplace. I don't think we're seriously debating that now before this committee; we all realize that technological protection measures have a role to play.
The question is, are we going to provide legislation that protects those kinds of business models by protecting technological protection measures? I think everybody even agrees that the answer is yes, that we're going to do that, so the real question is, what kinds of provisions are we going to have? Are we going to have provisions like the United States has or are we going to have provisions like the Swiss have?
It's not an issue of whether there are levies or no levies. That's not it. It's really a question of whether we want business models for the next 25 years, or for the last 25 years, and how we manage risk—