Ethics is a reflective process with a view to making a fair decision. The equitable decision is based on values or principles that must be set out. In this case, they are not defined. It is therefore difficult to reach an ethical decision. This does not mean that it will not be good or just, but when we are reflecting ethically, quite honestly, the frame of reference is always that of values. A value is what a country or an organization finds beautiful, good and desirable. Canadian values have been set out so often that, in my opinion, the frame of reference is somewhat vague, which makes things difficult.
Bill C-2 should be the instrument in which we find those values set out, which would allow for ethical decision-making, that is to say a fair decision in an uncertain situation. The ethical decision will often prevail in the absence of standards, or where these are unclear or not applicable. This can happen, because this bill has so many exceptions that if one were to look, one would probably find even more. Furthermore, in such a case, the bill would be of no use. The values would therefore provide a frame of reference if the standards were insufficient.