Madame Lavallée, I'd like to respond to a few of the points you raised.
First of all, in regard to the educational community, nothing in Bill C-32, for starters, is going to change the revenue going to the collectives such as Access Copyright and Copibec. It's not about saving money. What it is about--the change to fair dealing in particular--is allowing certain educational opportunities that right now sometimes don't occur.
Take the process of getting a clearance. Say, for example, a student is putting a portion of a work into a multimedia project. It's not reasonable to expect that the student will go through the process of identifying who the copyright owner is, waiting for a clearance that may or may not come, and then paying a fee to do that.
I can give you another example that was told to me by an individual who works with clearance at a university. One professor wanted to use short excerpts of two television programs to show his class, and he was quoted fees of $8 a second and $66 a second. Now, the net result of this kind of thing is that the works aren't used. There are many, many examples I could cite like that, where educational opportunities have been foregone because the cost of getting further clearances would be quite excessive.
In respect of your suggestion that institutions are paying $3.38 per student, that is only an interim cost, and that does not include the 10¢ per page that will be paid for course packs. The request from Access Copyright is $45 a student. It's not clear where the ultimate fee will come out.
Lastly, just very quickly, in terms of going to foreign sources, one of the reasons universities have gone to the Copyright Clearance Center is that Access Copyright is refusing to process transactional permissions for digital works, something it has done in the past readily, because it's trying to push institutions into using its new tariff. As a result, institutions that do not wish to use the tariff have no option but to go to the Copyright Clearance Center in the U.S.