Thank you. I have four questions, but three are quite related.
In this particular piece of legislation, we're moving the bar on bail. Bail is an explicit charter right. I would have thought that if you're moving the bar on an explicit charter right, we might have used a preamble to set the context to make sure there was no confusion, just in case the issue came up later. You've indicated that you don't see too much litigation spinning out of this, but I'd like you to comment on the usefulness, plus or minus, of a preamble.
Second, in the context of sentencing mathematics, I'd like you to explain how the bench in Toronto, if not across the country, applies pretrial custody when they're dealing with sentencing. We've heard it's two for one, three for one. Could you also explain whether or not the existence of pretrial custody impacts the propensity of an accused to plead guilty? Is there likely to be any impact on the possible increase in pretrial custodies here?
Last, also connected to that, does the existence of a mandatory minimum penalty, as is being legislated in other legislation here, preclude the application of pretrial custody credits? In other words, if you spend a year waiting for your trial and then you're facing a five-year minimum sentence, what's the impact of pretrial custody on that sentence? If there is or is not an impact, does it create the possibility of a challenge in court because we've altered the existing arrangements for the application of pretrial custody credits?