Perhaps if Professor Houlden will allow me, I'll take a first crack at that fundamental question.
I think that universities—not just our administrations, but our professors—don't want to see directives from the top if they are not part of the discussion. Now, if the Government of Canada decides that China is the kind of adversary that some witnesses have described, that's a blanket.... That's what the Americans have thrown over many of the collaborations that universities maintain. An example is Huawei. However, if we are going to be more selective and say that there are certain kinds of activities in certain fields—after discussion about what those are—I think there would be a great deal of acceptance. We need general political guidelines.
Once we get into the fine tuning, Mr. Chong, as we've seen in the United States and in Australia, these are very tricky domains. With no disrespect to Ottawa, the scientific knowledge that is necessary to put up a high fence around a small plot in those 11 or 12 areas that are being discussed now is not yet seen as persuasive. It might be, but we need a deep collaborative process very quickly over the next six months.