There are a number of mechanisms that are built in. Intellectual property rights, by their nature, are private rights. They are held by the owner of the right and are litigated on their behalf. But there are a number of mechanisms that we put in place to try to make that as efficient as possible. The biggest one, which we've talked about a little bit already, is the efficiency of the Copyright Board process, which is a huge expediter of individual market transactions in some ways. If you imagine all of the people who come before the Copyright Board, it's a huge catalogue of works with a huge catalogue of users and they essentially match that up in a kind of consolidated process. The efficiency of that process is really crucial. That's why both of our departments are so fundamentally committed to its reform. That was matched in budget 2018 with an additional $5 million to the Copyright Board as a function of making that process more efficient.
When it comes to things like online infringement or physical goods counterfeiting, there are a number of systems that we've also put in place to try to assist creators. Our notice and notice system, which essentially requires Internet service providers to be able to pass along notices from rights holders to informed consumers about their infringement, is a system we put in place to assist creators. Then the Combating Counterfeit Products Act, which is the physical goods version of that, allows copyright holders and trademark holders to register at the border and then have their goods, potentially, searched and held.
There are other pieces we did, such as the enabling provision in 2012, which is a critical assistance to creators to be able to not just go after those who are potentially infringing their content but all those who are enabling that.
I think we've tried a number of mechanisms to try to get at this issue of, recognizing it's a private right, what systems we can put in place for efficiency, the Copyright Board and notice and notice being two good ones.