We mapped our print materials by year of publication. The upload zenith of print publication was 1989. I was still an undergraduate. When I was an undergraduate, there were photocopy rooms where you would go and photocopy journals and you would photocopy chapters from books, and that was how it worked.
Since then, in this last fiscal year, we are at the same level of print publication in 2017 as we were in about 1957 or 1958. It went up until 1989 and has plummeted. That is what is in the Access Copyright repertoire. That is actually the biggest challenge. The universities certainly have switched from buying print materials to buying digital materials. Those digital materials are provided by publishers through their platforms and they're licensed annually. The reproduction and distribution are actually part of it, and we authenticate our users to be able to use that content in the context of education.
I think that's really the largest thing that's hurting...not necessarily publishers like those here, but small Canadian publishers like Broadview Press. This digital disruption and the fact that we've shifted from buying print books to e-books, from buying print journals to e-journals, has really been the hardest thing, both for the authors and for the publishers, I would argue.
There needs to be some help for the author community and the publisher community to help with that digital shift.
I was about to say that I worked for a company where our sole purpose was to keep it so that academic publishers did not have to sell their journals to large publishers. This is a real thing, and it's been happening in my lifetime.