Again, I think the only survey that was done of copying, and the only determination of whether it is licensed or unlicensed, is the survey that was done in the York case. The claim that York University was already licensing the content or that it was digital disruption that was having an impact on writers and publishers was presented by York University as well, in very similar terms and using the same arguments that you've just quoted from Professor Geist.
The court spent four weeks examining that testimony and that evidence, and again concluded unequivocally that the copying was by and large not licensed, and that it was done. We're not talking about some other things that they may also be doing in a digital world. They are copying and they are not paying. It was mass and systematic, so the volume is significant, and it's having an adverse impact on creators and publishers.