I think that with an actual hate crime, it's sometimes easy to tell. In the case of the man who went into the mosque in Quebec City, his victims were all men, but had they been all women, it would have been obvious that he was attacking them because they were Muslims, not because they were women.
In the case of discrimination, I would think it's much harder to tell. If someone doesn't hire you for a job or finds some excuse not to rent to you—that kind of thing—it would be much harder to tell what the basis was. Am I wrong?