Okay, we're out by a percent there, but 83% is what my records indicate. The member across the way, who has his facts right occasionally, could be right. But it accounts for 83% of the overall increase in energy demand between the year 2004 and 2030.
Power generation accounts for about 47% of this increase, and according to both the IEA and the EIA, the world's remaining economically exploitable energy resources are adequate to meet the projected increases in demand through the year 2030. In the absence of that, of any new government action, global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions are going to increase by 55% from 1990 to 2030 if there's no government action taken, with developing countries, primarily China and India, being responsible for about three-quarters of that increase. So that's very significant on their part. Developing countries' share of global emissions overtakes that of the OECD countries soon after 2010. China then becomes the world's largest emitter prior to 2010.
With some of those that were the signatories there are some fairly significant differences. I think, in the context of this particular bill and the context of doing something in Canada in respect to this very important issue of GHG emissions, it was acknowledged that there were significant differences in the progress of various countries toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Overall the European Union, the EU, has kept its emissions stable at around 1990 levels; they started at this a bit sooner. Within the EU, Germany and the UK are some of the most advanced in terms of actually reducing their emissions since 1990.
In the case of Germany, for example, that resulted in part from some major economic changes following reunification. I think that's not unimportant, and it was raised by Luc Harvey, my colleague, in terms of the costing here, because there will be a cost, there's no question about that. We just need to understand that, get a handle on how much the impact will be, and who is going to carry and bear the burden of that, whether it be individuals or corporations.
I think we've made a choice in this country that the big polluters are going to pay, and as individuals we will do our part too. But in Germany, following reunification, it saw the closure and the replacement of economically non-viable industrial facilities of the former East Germany, as well as some fairly proactive government policies, such as the introduction of a carbon tax in that country.
And for the United Kingdom, success in reducing emissions arose from a combination of government policies introduced since late 1990s, and it benefited as well from a long-term trend away from coal as a primary source of domestic industry and household energy.
A little more generally, the fact that the EU has assumed a collective target and the evolution of that organization as it's grown over these past 18 years, since 1990, have worked to its advantages in terms of its ability to meet and even expand upon its Kyoto targets.
Under article 4 of the Kyoto Protocol, the 15 member states of the EU--before it expanded and added some more in 2004--were to collectively meet a GHG reduction target of 8% of 1990 levels by 2012.
All of that is a background to say that these countries started sooner, they progressed, they advanced, and they were able to compensate some of their member states as well for not achieving their targets—Denmark, Ireland, Italy, and Spain. In particular, reunification with the former East Germany allowed Germany, which was the largest European economy, to take on that deep reduction target. So they were in a little different situation from what we are as a country here, and we'll have to chart our own path and forge our own way ahead, which may be different from other parts, particularly the European Union.
Some of those new economies in transition in those EIT countries are now within the 27-member-state European Union, and they still remain well below their Kyoto targets. Some of these EIT Countries—the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia—are now experiencing rapid economic growth. I was in Slovenia last fall, and there's some pretty good new stuff happening in that country, some rapid growth. But it has resulted in GHG emissions increases as well, a 4.1% increase in those countries over the period 2000 to 2004. So, overall, the presence of these EIT countries within the EU, and their economic situations, will contribute greatly to their collective ability to meet both their Kyoto objectives and their recent commitment to reducing emissions by 20% from 1990 levels by the year 2020. So all of that is some background in terms of the cost to Canada here.
As well, just to understand some of the GHG emissions by region and selected countries, in some of the other developed countries, including Canada, the United States, Australia, and Japan, emissions have increased, in some cases very significantly, from 1990 to 2004. However, the most dramatic emissions increases have come in the developing Asian economies—I think we're all aware of that—in countries like China and India, in particular, where economic growth and energy demand have begun to really take off. If you look at it on the chart, you just see a spiking upward exponentially. So despite some progress made by some of the countries, the so-called annex I countries in the Kyoto agreement, and some of the projects mentioned in the World Energy Outlook 2006, total emissions of annex I OECD countries in 2010 will be 29% above the targets set out in the protocol.
But again, our situation is different. I think, Mr. Chair, you would understand that, and so would members of the other parties who have been outside their ridings and their provinces, as I'm sure all have from time to time. I understand that Canada's geography and economy are a little different. Canada is actually the second largest country in the world. Our average and our seasonal temperatures vary widely all across the country. It's not a little country tucked into some part of the globe up against the ocean that you can traverse in a few hours; it's much more than that. If you're a member of Parliament and you come from the west, you just realize how long it takes, and if you drive it, it will take you several days, which is to say, we've got that variance and those changes all across the country in terms of the temperatures. We have hot summers and long and extremely cold winters in parts of the country, such as my region.
Canada's population back in the year 2005 was 32.8 million, with 80% living within 160 kilometres of the 6,400-kilometre-long border with the United States. That distribution illustrates Canada's high level of economic integration with the U.S. Our low population density as a result of the big geographic spread of our country, and the heating and the cooling and the transportation associated with the Canadian context all contribute to our high energy demand and high per capita greenhouse gas emissions. We have different requirements, different needs, from any of these other countries. So you have to keep that in mind and take that into account when you're doing that—
