Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Monsieur Bigras, through the chair, a judicial review action is different from other civil actions. One brings judicial review for a specific declaratory relief. You're quite right, Monsieur Bigras, that some of the remedies overlap, and that's somewhat normal. Generally speaking, quite often somebody brings a judicial review action, which is a very straightforward action, to have the court declare and to clarify what the law provides and what the duties and responsibilities are. Once that is done, they may seek additional recourse in the courts, but the court can also direct that certain actions be taken, that there be compliance with the law, for example.
There have been quite a few judicial review actions against the Government of Canada on the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, where they sought a declaration to clarify what exactly the requirements were under that act, and then in certain cases to ask that the act be applied was sought. In some cases, the court would declare that they had to actually apply the act properly, and then they might have to review part of the project again and so forth.
So you're quite correct that some of them do repeat, and that's because the remedies are available under both circumstances. But generally speaking, one brings a judicial review simply to clarify the law and direct that the government deliver on its responsibilities.