Environment and Climate Change Canada has a separate enforcement branch specifically organized to be separate from the program so as to give it as much marge de manoeuvre as possible, and it does indeed use the various tools in the way you describe. You can envisage a pyramid where the most common response is a fairly light one, such as for a one-time offender who just needs a nudge to come back into compliance, all the way up to prosecution, but indeed there have been a number of prosecutions under CEPA and under the Fisheries Act and other statutes.
One example that I can give you is from just last year in Alberta when a distributor of oil and gas was fined for one of the new regulatory requirements for hydrochloric acid. I'd be happy to send the committee a record of various enforcement interventions that we have undertaken, if that would be of interest.