That's a complicated question, and I'd be tempted to defer to my post-doctoral student who's the expert on waste matters.
I think that there is a federal role. It's complicated by the nature of the jurisdictional needles that are being threaded through CEPA. The structure tends to be product-specific or substance-specific in relation to toxic substances, so it becomes a question of whether you set extended producer responsibility rules in relation to specific types of products to push post-consumer management costs back onto the original designers and producers.
There may be a role around the import and export of waste rules. I'd have to think about that a bit. At the end of the day, the federal government does have control over transboundary movements of waste in and out of Canada and between provinces, depending on how much it wants to exercise that control. One would have to think a little bit about how to incorporate that into an extended producer responsibility regime, and in particular how one would coordinate what's happening with the provinces in that area. They tend to end up as the primary regulators. However, especially, with the movements around plastics, the implication is that once they're on schedule 1, the federal government can exercise regulatory control. The question is then how to design something that gets you where you may want to get to in terms of extended producer responsibility and circular economy.