Thank you. That's a tough question.
I really appreciated the conversation that came prior to this, about burden sharing between the federal government and the provinces. I would also add to that, of course, municipalities. There's a crucial role for cities to play here in taking short-term actions to help deal with transportation and residential emissions. We need to start thinking about the fact that every new building we build has a 30- to 50-year or greater lifespan, so every decision we make on the building front that locks us into a high-carbon pathway is a failure. That's a challenge we have to then undo later on.
In the building sector, for instance, it's not just about those new builds. We have to scale up retrofits of existing buildings to a pace that is completely unheard of. The existing building stock in residential and commercial buildings has to be transformed within the next decade to deliver these deeper reductions by 2030.
That is crucial. Supporting municipalities that have these tools like land-use planning and zoning, and provinces that work on the building codes, to really target those transportation- and buildings-related emissions is crucial.
Others, such as Professor Mousseau, might talk more to the energy system.