I guess part of the question is getting a handle on what these subsidies are, and it's really hard for those of us looking to see what these are. Some organizations have quantified these subsidies in the billions. A conservative estimate I've heard, if you take in all levels of government and all forms of subsidies, is that it's in the range of $4.8 billion a year. That's equivalent to job training 480,000 workers, if you look at what the Canada job grants provide for worker upscaling.
Absolutely, we need to invest in the things that will create good jobs and that also drive down emissions, and we know that it's not going to happen overnight. We know that there is a transition, but we need to be supporting those things that help move us in that direction.
I will just say that workers really need to be at the table. We talk a lot about investments and where we need to go, but workers have solutions to this. We need to be at the table helping to shape the plan across the economy, not just in oil and gas but sector by sector and right down to the workplace level.
I will argue that we need to invest in the things that we know build towards what we're looking for, including worker skills training and investment in modernizing the grid, all of those things, with workers at the table, making sure that we have the supports to get from here to there and ensuring that those investments come with the job streams so that we are creating jobs that support the economy and that support families and communities in where we know we need to go, towards a net-zero economy.