I don't have statistics at hand, but I can say that what Mr. McLean is saying about the problem of marginalization of other forms is not wrong. However, we do know and we have evidence—from a tremendous number of mapping projects, including the ENRICH Project, for example—in Canada and in many places around the world that shows us we are locating industry in proximity to racialized and indigenous communities.
We also know that, for example, even in urban settings, we will find what we call grocery store deserts, where there isn't access to good grocery stores for predominantly Black communities. Even Dr. Waldron, in her definition of environmental racism, recognizes this intersectional standpoint. We just don't have racism standing on its own as an independent variable. It often does intersect with low socio-economic status and poverty.
Of course, there are examples where white or European poor people are experiencing these same high levels of toxic exposures, but it is a phenomenon that is recognized around the globe. The UN special rapporteur just released a report a couple of days ago on contemporary forms of racism and the intersection with climate justice and racial justice. It pointed to Canada and the example of Aamjiwnaang First Nation in Sarnia, where there are high levels of a whole host of health problems, from cancers to respiratory illnesses, going back to the early 2000s. A community-led research project there documented a skewed sex ratio due to the exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Disproportionate numbers of males to females were born.
There are plenty of examples of where this is a problem of racism—