The key benefits are that they are cheaper, faster and more predictive of human biology, and that's the most important thing. In most of these legacy animal methods, these are animals that have many differences at various levels, and they cannot accurately predict how we humans would respond to chemicals and drugs and other things that we are exposed to. With these new methods, we are able to capture human biology at different levels. We're using these integrated methods that can capture what happens to our genes, what happens at the cellular level, what happens at the organ level, and incorporate all of these using very sophisticated computational programs.
We're also using these methods to think about the questions differently. Some of these animal methods that were developed in the fifties and sixties were never really validated to see if they were predictive of human biology. They were just adopted in many cases, and now we're seeing that they cannot address some of our questions.
One example is developmental neurotoxicities. This is looking at the toxicity in the developing brain. The gold standard mouse model is not a gold standard at all.