In terms of the impact of the ruling on reaching the emissions reduction goals, I guess I'll pretend I'm in my previous role as an environmental adjudicator at the federal and provincial level, rather than in the audit office.
There's no question that carbon pricing, which is one of the signature pieces, is constitutional under national concern doctrine. There was a recent decision from the Supreme Court about that.
There's no question that pollution regulation is valid under the criminal law power in terms of regulations relating to contaminants under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. That's from the Hydro-Québec case from, I think, 1997. Somebody can check that later to make sure that's right.
The signature pieces—carbon pricing and regulation under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act—are already upheld by the Supreme Court. The recent decision on the Impact Assessment Act would have no impact on those two pieces, which are the big-ticket items.
Will that ruling have an effect on impact assessment? Yes. That was what the decision was about.
The federal role in impact assessment will have to abide by the delineation of jurisdiction set out in the recent Supreme Court ruling that was issued.