Looking only to the Canadian experience with which I'm more familiar, Mr. Chair, there really are three sets of options.
There's an administrative monetary penalty regime. As I said, it's newer but it's increasingly common in Canadian jurisdictions for this sort of infraction.
There's the standard offence and penalty prohibition, which provides for either a fine or a jail term. That requires charges by the police, prosecution, and fining or imposition of sentence by a judge.
The third sanction we see in some legislation, including some provincial legislation of this nature—very famously, the case involving the mayor of the City of Toronto—is legislation that provides the penalty of vacating a seat.
In the Canadian context, these are really the three choices, streams, or avenues that Parliament can choose from to enforce laws of this nature.