From our perspective, one of the big investigative tools we use is facial recognition. When someone applies for a passport, the minute they apply for a passport their picture is run against all the pictures we have in our database. That's probably the first line of defence, if you want, in terms of passport fraud. In many of these cases, for example, the individual is applying using an identity that we already know. So we know that this person is trying to obtain a passport using a valid identity that we already know.
In other cases, especially with first-time applicants, we carefully look at the documentation and if we think there's something not right there.... For example, someone whose criminality is known to the police universe could be on our systems lookout list, so we may get a hit on the systems lookout list and we will look at that. In that instance, the passport application is not processed initially but instead comes to the investigation division for a second look.