Not as many sites backed out as you would think based on the press. I think that's very much a talking point that those who don't like GDPR like to use, in particular Google. Tribune Publishing—it was called Tronc at the time—which has a lot of properties underneath it, decided to pull out. That made for a lot of sites. The concern was that 4% turnover of all revenue...and their digital business and probably the number of users they had in Europe was not actually that big as a local newspaper company. It made a decision, which was just a tradeoff of risk versus “Is it worth it?”
The real problem is that the rollout of GDPR, in particular, was troublesome for most publishers. We sent a letter to Google, on behalf of 5,000 publishers here in North America and Europe, because it waited until a month before. It was literally a two-year process. We were trying for a long time to get what its plans were, and then just a month before the GDPR came into effect, it decided to let everybody know what the plans were. It very much wanted to press enforced consent down on the publishers, so that every publisher had to get consent through Google, and then the publishers had to carry that liability as part of it. We sent a letter to Competition Commissioner Vestager in the EU specifically about this issue. It caused a lot of publishers to have to make last-minute decisions.