This is a broad question. I'm not sure I can give a short answer to it, but I think there are historical examples of epidemiological data collected for good reason but being then subsequently used in stigmatizing ways.
I could point you to the 1982 publication of an article in the CDC's MMWR, the epidemiological weekly report, that identified Kaposi's sarcoma in Haitian communities, and we know that subsequently.... I could point you also to my colleague Dr. Viviane Namaste's work and 2019 book, Savoirs créoles, which talked about the experience of the Montreal Haitian community with this stigmatization that emerges post-1982. I'm thinking sociologically about these kinds of longer effects of specific programs, if I could put it like that in response to your question. I think we need to do better going forward.